THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
401 
CROWN-GALL OF FRUIT TREES AND SHRUBS. 
Most nurserymen are familiar with the experiments which 
have been carried on under the general direction of the 
Bureau of Plant Industry of Washington, with reference to 
the crown-gall of fruit trees. The Assistant in charge of 
this work, Mr. George G. Hedgcock has issued a bulletin on 
the cross inoculation experiments showing that a good many 
of the soft galls may be transferred with ease from one seed¬ 
ling to another. After citing the experiment somewhat in 
detail the writer of the bulletin presents the following sum¬ 
mary of results. 
“From the results obtained by five years’ experimenta¬ 
tion in the greenhouse with seedlings grown under carefully 
regulated conditions, the following facts are noted: 
The soft galls from the almond, apricot, blackberry, 
cherry, peach, plum, prune and raspberry have been trans¬ 
ferred easily to seedlings of the almond, apricot, peach and 
raspberry, less readily to those of the blackberry, cherry, 
plum, prune, and pear; and with great difficulty to seed¬ 
lings of the apple, chestnut, walnut, and rose. 
The soft galls of the apple, chestnut, walnut, rose and 
pear, as a rule, have not been transferred readily to any of 
the plants mentioned. Evidence has been obtained of a wide 
range of susceptibility in different varieties of the same 
plant. This has been noted in varieties of the apple, black¬ 
berry, cherry, chestnut, pear and rose.” 
Business JYLovemcnts. 
MAMMOTH CAVE NURSERIES. 
Mr. Walter E. Campbell, who for the last ten years has been con¬ 
nected with the propagation departments of several of the leading 
nurseries of the United States and who is now employed in the 
landscape department of a well known eastern firm, will return to his 
old home in Bowling Green, Ky., the first of the year, and at once 
begin the formation of a general nursery. Mr. Campbell has been 
devoting all of his spare time for the past several years to the study 
of landscape architecture, and in connection with his nursery will 
do a general landscape business. 
The name of the new firm will be The Mammoth Cave Nurseries, 
W. E. Campbell & Co., props., which will make a specialty of speci¬ 
men trees and plants catering to the wholesale trade. 
THE QUEEN’S FAVORITE FLOWER. 
Mr. W. C. Hamer recently received a newspaper from his old 
home in England which happened to contain an account of the mar¬ 
riage of the daughter of Whitelaw Reid, the American Ambassador. 
This wedding was an important society event in London, being 
attended by the King and Queen, and the floral decorations were 
very profuse. The article stated that the royal pew was “a mass of 
‘Dorothy Perkins’ Roses—the queens favorite flower.” As this 
variety was originated in the nurseries of Jackson & Perkins Co.,'it 
is of much interest to know that it has becomeso popularin England. 
When Mr. George Perkins was abroad last spring he visited most of 
the leading English nurseries and he found that to mention his firm 
as the originators of the ‘Dorothy Perkins’ Rose was a very favor¬ 
able introduction to English nurserymen. At the Temple Show, a 
big horticultural exhibition which is held at the Temple Gardens, 
London, in May of each year, the ‘Dorothy Perkins’ Rose was 
awarded a silver cup as being the best rose of its class and color that 
had been introduced in the past ten years.—From Newark Paper. 
_ Legisl ation. 
THE CITROUS FRUIT TRADE. 
A committee representing citrous fruit growers in Cali¬ 
fornia visited Washington about the middle of November, 
for the purpose of securing an increase in the tariff on lemons. 
It was claimed that the present tariff failed to properly pro¬ 
tect the home grower, and an increase of half a cent per 
pound is asked for. Florida fruit growers were asked to 
co-operate with the California delegation. 
ADDITIONAL PROTECTION FOR THE LEMON INDUSTRY. 
The Dingley Tariff Act took effect July 24th, 1897, one cent per 
pound on citrus fruits. 
For the year 1897—08, California produced 15,153 carloads of 
citrus fruit, of which 1166 cars were lemons and 13,987 cars were 
oranges. 
The present year, 1907-08, we produced 32,500 carloads, of 
which 5,000 cars were lemons and 27,500 cars were oranges. 
The growers, now between 9,000 and 10,000 in number, with 
100,000 acres planted, will receive this year upwards of $20,000,000 
less packing charges for their crop, while about $13,000,000 is paid 
the transportation companies for freight and refrigeration. 
The greater part of this fruit is grown upon land that 25 years 
ago was thought to be a part of the great American desert. 
For the year, 1900, there were 7,865 carloads of lemons con¬ 
sumed in this country, of which 1,447 cars were California grown and 
6,418 cars, or 82 per cent, were imported. The consumption has 
steadily increased until this year (1908) we have consumed 12,119 
cars, of which 5,000 cars were California grown and 7,119 cars, or 59 
per cent, were imported. 
The digging out of lemon orchards because of poor returns to 
growers a few years ago, was stopped and an incentive given for 
planting new orchards by a favorable freight rate,' which does not 
apply to oranges. 
The imports of oranges have gradually decreased from $1,097,596 
in 1899 to $275,060 for 1908, while the domestic exports of oranges 
have increased from $282,313 in 1899 to $1,255,104 for 1908, princi¬ 
pally to the Canadian Provinces and the Northwest. 
The foregoing figures indicate that we are now producing more 
oranges than are consumed in this country, but only 41 per cent, of 
the lemons. 
The retail dealers are offering lemons to consumers at from eight 
to twenty cents per dozen as shown by printed newspaper ads. 
from many states; this indicates the tariff has not increased the 
price unreasonably to consumers, nor would it do so if the tariff on 
lemons were doubled; an additional one-half cent per pound on 
lemons could not effect the price over one and one-half cents per 
dozen on 300s or one and one-fourth cents per dozen on 360s, and 
would so stimulate the industry that in the next ten years we would 
supply every demand for consumption in this country, just what 
was promised would be done with oranges eleven years ago. 
Citrus fruits are perishable and must sell daily for what they will 
bring—over 40 per cent are now sold under the hammer at public 
auction. 
Our principal competitor in lemons is Italy, with orchard labor 
at 30 cents per day (our money) and a freight rate of 24 cents per 
box to New York. In regard to oranges, Italy and the West Indies 
are the largest exporters to this country, yet we have good reasons 
to guard against Mexico; orchard labor ranges from 30 to 50 cents 
per day in these countries while we pay $1.50 and $1.75 per day in 
California. Contributed. 
• __ 
National Nurseryman Publishing Co., 
Kindly renew our subscription for one year and note the change 
in the firm name and enter same accordingly. We like your paper 
and shall continue to take it as long as we are in the business, and 
then, it is a fine paper and fills a place no other publication does. 
Kellogg’s Nursery, M. S. Kellogg, Prop. 
