Gbe national fflursciyman. 
FOR GROWERS AND DEALERS IN NURSERY STOCK 
The National Nurseryman Publishing Co., Incorporated 
Vol. XXXI 
HATBORO, PENN A., MAY 1923 
No. 3 
Nursery and Planting Methods Developed at the Gallinas Nursery, 
Santa Fe National Forests 
By Hermann Krauch, Forest Examiner, U. S. Forest Service 
During the time the writer had charge of reforestation 
work on the Santa Fe National Forest a number of nur¬ 
sery and planting methods were developed which proved 
to he very efficient. The purpose of this paper is to brief¬ 
ly describe these methods and the devices used in their 
execution. Their need was prompted by the fact that in 
this region the native Mexicans must be depended upon 
for temporary labor, and most of them are impractical 
and awkward. Consequently, it became imperative to 
devise methods which would insure good work even with 
(he poor quality of labor available to perform it. Suc¬ 
cess in nursery and planting practice depends largely 
1. Transplanting 
At the Gallinas Nursery the amount of good land 
available for transplants is limited. Close spacing of the 
transplant rows is therefore necessary. In addition 
however, close spacing correspondingly reduces the cost 
of mulching and shading of beds for winter protection. 
When the transplant rows are closely spaced they must 
also he straight, otherwise there is great danger of the 
trees becoming injured when they are being cultivated. 1 
In order to insure perfect alinement of rows and yet se¬ 
cure rapid progress in transplanting, the device shown 
in Figures 1 and 2 was constructed. Figure 1 is a plan 
upon the skill and care with which the work is per¬ 
formed. 
Attention has been called to this matter so that the 
reader will understand why the following methods were 
developed. The principles involved should, however, 
find application elsewhere, because skilled labor is 
seldom available for nursery and reforestation work, 
except perhaps in densly settled communities. And, any 
device or method which promotes rapid work but at I he 
same time accomplishes good results, is also economical¬ 
ly warranted. In the following descriptions the value ol 
each feature is discussed. 
view and Figure 2 illustrates how the device is used. 
The notched boards are laid at 1G foot intervals along the 
transplant area and are held in place by means of iron 
pegs. The notched hoards are spaced 4 inches apart so 
that the 6-inch “guide board” can he fitted into them. 
The distance (16 feet) between two notched boards is 
just sufficient to allow two transplant boards lull ot 
trees—each 7y 2 feet long and making a 7 foot row— to 
i Attention is called to a type of hand cultivator shown In 
Figure 6. The excellent feature of this implement is that it 
cuts the weeds and loosens the soil without ridging it up 
against the trees—an essential precaution to take in the case 
of Douglas Fir and Engelmann Spruce transplants. 
