212 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
winds as to cause them to lean badly after a few years. 
4. Trees headed high had smaller bearing areas for fruit 
production and, therefore, yielded smaller crops. 
5. Low-headed trees were more amenable to orchard opera¬ 
tions such as pruning, spraying, and picking the fruit. With the 
use of modern implements tillage operations were relatively 
easily performed. 
6. The height of the head did not influence the characters of 
the fruit produced. The low head was larger in area and the 
amount of bloom was greater, but blossom fertilization seems 
to have been so impaired that there was no increased fruit 
production. 
STOCKS FOR PLUMS 
By U. P. IIedrick 
Summary of Bulletin No. 498 
Cultivated fruit trees are unions of “stock” and “cion.” 
The chief consideration in choice of stock is ready pro¬ 
duction of plants. But stock and cion react on each other 
for better or worse, and the fruit grower as well as the 
propagator has much at stake in the stocks upon which 
his trees are grown. 
In the adjustments of stock and cion to each other and 
to their surroundings there may he important reciprocal 
influences. These can he determined, if at all. only by 
experiments. Such experiments this station is attempt¬ 
ing to cany out for New York. So far, the work has 
been confined to four fruits: viz., grapes, apples, cher¬ 
ries and plums. This bulletin is a report of the work 
with plums. 
Six stocks from 6 species with 15 varieties of plums 
budded on them are under test. The stocks and varieties 
are those in most common use in New York. The experi¬ 
mental plat is on the grounds of the station at Geneva, 
New York. The treatment is that commonly given the 
plum in this state. The results present cover ten sea¬ 
sons. 
The six stocks under test are Americana, Marianna. 
Mvrobalan. St. Julien, peach budded, and peach grafted. 
The varieties are Bradshaw, Grand Duke. Italian Prune, 
Lombard. Reine Claude, Shropshire, Drap d’Or, Abund¬ 
ance. Burbank, Chabot. Wayland. Forest Garden. Potta¬ 
wattamie. Wild Goose and De Soto. 
The experiment throws no light on whether or not the 
adaptability of a fruit to a soil may be changed by the 
stock. It shows that the peach stock is least well adapted 
to endure a cold climate. There were no differences in 
the maturity of wood or crop. Color, quality, and size 
of fruit were not changed by the several stocks. More 
time is required to tell whether there is difference in 
longevity of varieties on the different stocks. There were 
marked differences in vigor and productiveness as 
gauged by diameters of trunks and by yield of fruit. 
These are summarized in the next paragraph. 
The experiment shows that of the stocks now in gen¬ 
eral use in New York, as regards vigor and productive¬ 
ness. Myrobalan is best for Bradshaw. Grand Duke, 
Italian Prune. Lombard, and Reine Claude, the Domestica 
sorts; and for Shropshire and Drap o’Or, the Insit it ia 
varieties; that Abundance and Burbank grow about 
equally well on Myrobalan and peach; four of the native 
plums, Wild Goose, Pottawattamie, Forest Garden and 
Wayland. can probably be best grown on Marianna, al¬ 
though they make very satisfactory trees on Myrobalan; 
while De Soto, another native, but of a different species, 
grows best on roots of its own species, P. americana. 
REDWOOD GROVE SAVED AS PIONEER MEMORIAL 
A wonderful tract of giant Redwoods on the California State 
Highway near Orick, Humboldt County, and about 60 miles 
north of Eureka, has just been given to the State of California 
as a memorial to Humboldt County’s pioneers. It is the gift of 
Mrs. Zipporah Russ of Ferndale, Humboldt County, in memory 
of her husband, Joseph Russ, who came around the Horn to 
California in 1852, and also in memory of all the early settlers 
who helped to build up Humboldt County and the state. Mrs. 
Russ, as a young girl, crossed the Plains with her family iu 
1853. The tract contains 166 acres and has a stand of close to 
thirty million feet of Redwood, as well as much other timber. 
It is admirably situated on the State Highway above Orick and 
is crossed diagonally by Prairie Creek, a good sized stream 
which adds to the beauty of the grove and to its advantages 
from the park and recreational standpoint. 
Some of the largest trees of the Redwood belt are found on 
this tract of timber. One enormous sequoia particularly has 
been discovered, which is believed to be among the largest in 
existence. Not only the Redwoods, but also the massive firs, 
hemlocks, maples, spruce, oaks, and other trees found on this 
tract, together with the giant ferns and other undergrowth, 
make it an area of unusual beauty. It is still in its primeval 
state, and many of its acres have probably never been trodden 
by man. 
This gift has just been announced by J. D. Grant of San Fran¬ 
cisco, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Save the Red¬ 
woods League. 
In making the announcement Mr. Grant expressed the appre¬ 
ciation of the League both because of the intrinsic value of the 
gift and because it symbolizes the interest of Californians in 
the movement to save for posterity some of the Redwoods. “No 
more fitting memorial to the memory of Joseph Russ and the 
other pioneers with whom he worked to build up this common¬ 
wealth could be devised,” said Mr. Grant. “The Redwoods, or 
Sequoia sempervirens, are typically Californian. They are 
found only in this state, and every lover of California’s natural 
charm, whether a newcomer or one who has been here since 
pioneer times, appreciates the need of saving representative 
tracts of this fast disappearing species. The Russ family, who 
have held this valuable timber for years, have made this gift 
out of their love for the Redwoods and their desire to share 
their beauty with their fellow citizens for all time.” 
The Humboldt County Pioneer Memorial is deeded to the 
State to be held forever as a public Redwood Park, and it is 
stipulated that the timber thereon shall never be cut or de¬ 
stroyed, but that the tract shall be kept in its natural condition. 
By the roadside a granite boulder will be placed and on it a 
bronze tablet bearing this inscription: 
This Grove 
Is a Memorial to the 
Pioneers of Humboldt County 
A gift to the State of California 
From Zipporah Russ 
A Pioneer of 1853 
June 1923 
In Memory of her Husband 
Joseph Russ, a Pioneer of 1852 
Late this summer appropriate exercises will be held dedica¬ 
ting this grove to public use. 
The Valdesian Nurseries, Bostic, North Caroline, re¬ 
port a splendid growing season. Evergreens looking es¬ 
pecially fine. They are looking forward to a big busi¬ 
ness the coming fall, as the past season was the best they 
ever had. 
