Toole’s Native Ferns 
There is something about the quiet beauty and graceful form of our wild ferns 
that holds an attraction for us even though they lack brilliantly colored flowers. 
H'ardy ferns are be'ng used a great deal for planting in shaded spots in the home gar¬ 
den and the rock garden as well as for shaded borders or woodland paths. 
Do not plant ferns with much covering over the crowns, just enough to anchor 
them to the soil. The Ostrich Fern should be set with part of the crown above the 
soil. All of the ferns are adpated to both spring and fall planting, though late spring 
or summer planting of the larger varieties requires extra care in providing constant 
.moisture until the roots are established. If planted in the fall, mulch with leaves or 
straw for protection over the first winter. If planted during the growing 1 season and 
the tops become broken or bruised, cut them off and new fronds will soon appear. 
Most all ferns require a plentiful supply of leaf mold, peat or other loose humus 
in the soil to give the best results. Ferns have a tendency to ripen off early in the 
season if the summer is very hot and dry. Frequent and plentiful watering will ex¬ 
tend the r season very materially. 
While some ferns will endure and even thrive in sun if provided with sufficient 
moisture, all varieties seem to enjoy a measure of protection from bright sunlight, 
varying from light shade at mid-day with such varieties as Pellaea, Cheilanthes and 
Rusty Woodsia to the dense shadows of heavy forests enjoyed by the Maidenhair Fern. 
In the limited space of a catalog it is not possible to. go into extensive details, so 
if you have any special problems with your Wild Flowers or Ferns or Native Shrubs, 
just feel free to write me and I will gladly help you if I can. 
LADY FERN 
ADIANTUM 
Pedatum— (Maidenhair) The Maidenhair, 
a favorite among our native ferns, thrives 
in deeper shade than most kinds. Be¬ 
cause of its delicate grace it needs pro¬ 
tection from strong winds. Requires 
rich humus soil. 12-24 inches. Each 25c; 
$2.00 per 12; $12 per 100. 
ASPLENIUM 
Trichomanes —(Maidenhair Spleenwort) A 
tiny little fern of delicate beauty. Here 
we find it in rock crevices, where the 
rotting leaves have left a loose spongy 
humus. Fairly heavy shade. Each 25c; 
12 for $2.50; $15 per 100. 
ATHYRIUM 
Felix-femina —(Lady Fern) One of the 
indispensable varieties where a graceful 
fern growing from 18 to 36 inches is 
needed. Although it will grow under 
widely varying conditions, it does best 
in a rich humus soil, well drained but not 
suffering at any time for moisture. Each 
25c; 12 for $2.00; $12.00 per 100. 
CAMPTOSORUS 
Rhizophyllus —(Walking Fern) A curious 
low growing fern with heart-shaped 
leaves, often found growing in dense mats 
on rocks where the shade is dense 
enough to insure a moist condition. Each 
25c; 12 for $2.50; $15.00 per 100. 
CHEILANTHES 
Feei —(Lipfern) A very tiny fern with 
tufts of wooly fronds growing from crev¬ 
ices on the southerly side of limestone 
cliffs. Each 35c; 3 for 95c. 
CYSTOPTERIS 
Bulbifera — (Bulblet Fern) Long narrow 
graceful fronds from 8 to 24 inches long, 
depending on moisture and soil. Tiny 
little bulblets on the backs of the fronds 
drop off and start new plants. Shade and 
good humus soil. Beautiful when forced 
as a winter houseplant. Each 25c; 12 
for $2.00; $12.00 per 100. 
Fragilis —(Brittle Fern) Delicately cut 
fronds from 5 to 10 inches long. Good 
