THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
59 
to do but make cider of the same kind, if you intend to 
supply the English market. Can you do so and succeed? 
Certainly. Many of your varieties of apples suit this 
industry, but you must employ the right method, as a certain 
Nova Scotian cider maker already does. 
And, now let us look at the Montreal market. Nearly 
all the dealers I saw in this town say that they have more 
demand than supply, and the price in Montreal is much 
higher than in Toronto, and besides the consumption of cider 
by each inhabitant is much greater in Quebec than in Ontario. 
Is there a kind of cider preferred by the French Canadians? 
Certainly, and as you may guess they like the cider prepared 
in the French way. Generally the Canadian apples are not 
fit for the making of this cider, and the success will greatly 
depend upon the choice of the varieties. The rule in France 
is to blend at least three kinds, one acid, one sweet, and one 
bitter. On the average the Canadian apples are acid 
varieties, and so you have to make a selection. I would 
suggest the following blending as suitable—Spy, Talman 
Sweet and some crab apples. 
Let us now talk about a third kind of cider, that is the 
German cider. The makers of Frankfort and Stuttgart 
call it Aepfelwein, that is to say apple wine, and their process 
is such that they make a kind of cider which reminds one of 
white wine. The great advantage of the German process 
is that one can employ every variety. Some of the German 
factories are very important and supply not only the Euro¬ 
pean markets, but also some African and South-American 
countries. They ship to the latter hundreds of thousands 
of gallons and the price of cider in Frankfort is more than 
20 cents a gallon. From that statement you can see the 
advantages offered by the South American market. 
I will now leave this question of the cider industry and 
try to resolve the following problems: Are there any other 
ways in which we may turn the.apple culls to very good 
account? Yes, we can make apple-juices, liqueurs, apple 
cakes, etc., and some of these industries will pay as well, 
and perhaps better, than cider-making. Thanks to the 
campaign of temperance, there is now a big demand for 
apple juice. Many of the apple-juices sold, however, are 
far from being free from chemicals and preservatives, and in 
that way they are much more injurious than the strongest 
cider. But there are methods] to make apple juice without 
preservatives. 
In France a sweet liqueur made with apples has a great 
sale, and it is quite apparent that with your delicious eating 
apples, as Snow, Spy and King, you could do the same. 
Apple cakes are sold in England at the rate of lo cents a 
pound, and you. can make them with cleaned culls. In 
short, you have many good ways to make a lot of money from 
the culls, and doing so you will at the same time get a higher 
price for your sound apples. The Co-operative Fruit 
Growers Associations are thriving in Ontario. It seems to 
me that if they were to take this matter of cider-making in' 
hand it would be very profitable, and a great benefit to the 
Canadian fruit growers. 
“Well pleased with the paper. Enclosing check for $i.oo. Enter 
us for another year. G. L. Welch & Co., 
Fremont, Neb. 
MEETING OF WESTERN NEW YORK 
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
This grand old organization, with its history of good 
work covering more than half a century and its present 
membership of fifteen or sixteen hundred persons, closed an 
exceedingly successful meeting, marking its fifty-sixth 
annual session, on the 26th instant at Rochester, New 
York. The Association has been promoted and supported 
in considerable measure for many years by manv of the 
well known nurserymen of Rochester and vicinity. Among 
those who were present, the well known faces of William 
Pitkin, Irving Rouse, C. M. Hooker, E. A. Osborne, Messrs 
Hawk and representatives from the outlying districts of 
Dansville, Newark, and Geneva, were noted. 
Mr. W. C. Barry, for thirty years or more president of 
the Society, ]3resided with his usual felicity, ably assisted 
by Secretary John Hall. The election of officers resulted 
in returning Mr. Barry and Mr. Hall to their respective 
offices. 
One of the successful features of the-session was a banquet 
on Thursday evening, the 25th, at which some four 
hundred members of the Society sat down together, 
and after enjoying a good supper, listened to addresses by 
Mr. J. S. Williamson, Quincy, Illinois; R. D. Graham, 
Grand Rapids, Michigan; and the well known Judge Lynn 
of Rochester. The editor of this paper had the distinction 
of acting as toastmaster on this gala occasion. 
WINE GROWERS MEET 
President W. E. Hildreth of the American Wine Growers’ 
Association announces that the time of the annual meeting 
has been changed from December to the last Thursday in 
February. Accordingly, the next meeting of the Association 
will take place in New York on February 2 9th, 1912. 
GRAPE STORAGE EXPERIMENTS 
The Bureau of Plant Industry, through its Division of 
Pomology, is experimenting in the storage and shipment 
of California grapes. It has been determined thus far that 
the red wood sawdust of California is not only a satisfactory 
substitute for the Spanish ground cork, but gives even better 
results than that standard packing material. In shipping 
these grapes, they are first precooled, then placed in the 
sawdust, and finally packed in large drums, holding thirty- 
five to forty pounds each. These driims are kept in cold 
storage, and forwarded as the market favors or discourages 
shipment. __ 
REVENUE FROM ROADSIDE FRUIT TREES 
The American consul, Mr. Robert J. Thompson, of 
Hanover, Germany, reports that the sales of fruit grown on 
the roadside trees adjoining the city of Hanover amounted 
this autumn to almost $5,000. It is the German custom 
to plant pears, apples, and cherry trees, along the road¬ 
sides. These trees are cared for by the road supervisors, 
the crop is picked and sold, and the income is devoted to the 
maintenance of the road. 
