8o 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
tail Moth was brought into Massachusetts upon a package 
of rose bushes; the Gipsy Moth was imported by an 
enthusiast in silk culture; the English sparrow and the 
Russian thistle nuisances of this country, the rabbit 
nuisance of Australia, and in fact almost every weed, insect, 
pest, or plant disease that one can think of as a drawback to 
successful gardening, farming, or fruit culture, has been 
imported from some other part of the country, or a foreign 
land. For the above reasons quarantine and inspection 
laws are necessary. 
The Colorado law requires of all nurseries or persons 
shipping nursery stock into the state to observe the follow¬ 
ing regulations: 
First—All shipments must be accompanied with certifi¬ 
cates of inspection in the state from which they are sent out. 
Second—The nursery or party shipping must place upon 
each package a guarantee that the contents of the package 
has been fumigated for forty minutes with hydrocyanic 
acid gas of a definite strength: 
All stock bearing the above certificate will be received 
without fumigation at point of delivery, provided no living 
insects, such as woolly aphis for example, are found upon 
the nursery stock. All stock will be inspected however for 
crown gall, borers, scale insects, woolly aphis, and other, 
pests that might have escaped the notice of a careless 
shipper. If nursery stock is shipped to any county in the 
state without fumigation, the inspector of the county may, 
if he so chooses, receive the stock and fumigate it before 
turning it over to purchasers. 
Nurseries within the state are required to erect and 
maintain fumigating houses, to fumigate all stock before it 
leaves their premises, and to have their nurseries and 
premises inspected at least once a year. A certificate of 
inspection must also accompany each and every package 
of nursery stock sent out. 
We do not intend to be unreasonably severe with nur¬ 
series shipping stock into Colorado, but we do intend to 
enforce the law for the reasonable protection of our fruit 
growing interests. Nurserymen who cannot fully comply 
with our law, are respectfully requested to refraimfrom 
shipping any of their stock into the state. 
State Entomologist. C. P. Gillette. 
Legislation. 
Albany, N. Y., January 9 , 1909 . 
Nests of brown-tail moths have been found in stocks and seed¬ 
lings recently received in this state from France. 
All nurserymen and other persons who have received trees or 
plants from abroad since November 1 , 1908 , or expect to receive 
such shipments prior to June 1 , 1909 , are directed to notify this 
Department and hereafter to hold ca'ses unpacked until an inspector 
can be sent from this Department to examine the stock as opened. 
Nursery stock and seedlings received from abroad since Novem¬ 
ber 1, and which have been unpacked shall not be further distributed 
until inspected under the direction of this Department; and nur¬ 
serymen and others having knowledge of such receipts and distribu¬ 
tion are requested to report fully to this Office. 
Brown-tail moths are not known to be established in this state; 
it therefore, is important that every possible precaution be taken 
against them to prevent enormous losses from their depredations 
and great expense for future control. We ask your cooperation. 
R. A. Pearson, Commissioner. 
PRESENT DAY METHODS OF CONTROLLING THE SAN 
JOSE SCALE. 
Thos. B. Symons. 
Entomologist Maryland Experiment Station. 
While it has been stated that the San Jose scale will soon 
run itself out and that in the near future there will be no 
urgent need of treating orchard trees especially for this 
pest, it is safe to say, that time or condition of the pest, in 
East at least, is still a “pipe” dream of the optimist. On 
the contrary, it is even reported from several sources that 
the San Jose scale bred more abundantly during last 
summer than in previous years. It therefore remains a 
pest to orchard trees that the orchardist and nursery men 
must reckon with each succeeding year. 
Control in the Orchard and Nursery. 
It can be stated with assurance that the progressive 
orchardists have no longer any serious fear of loss of trees 
from this pest, as they have demonstrated that it can be 
effectively controlled by the thorough application of proper 
remedies at the proper times. The time has been when 
orchard trees found infested with the pest were immediately 
destroyed, but an intelligent grower would not now think of 
cutting a tree out of the orchard on this account. Orchard¬ 
ists appreciate the demand of the market for good, clean 
fruit, and have learned by experience that the broker and 
the consumer are willing to pay a higher price for the best 
quality of fruit; therefore, spraying for this and other pests 
is considered by the uptodate grower as routine w r ork. The 
most important problems in controlling the scale in the 
orchard at present are therefore questions of the most 
efficient, economical and easily applied solutions; and the' 
most convenient spraying apparatus that may be employed. 
These questions will be considered later on in this discussion. 
Nursery Control 
The control of this pest in the nursery is of necessity 
quite different from means employed in the orchard. The 
practical difference, however, being in additional work and 
precautionary treatment. A nurseryman is not supposed, 
to sell a tree that is infested with scale, for in the contract 
between the nurseryman and grower, the latter agrees to 
pay the price asked for clean, healthy stock. Therefore, 
when the San Jose scale is present in the nursery, prompt 
measures should be employed to prevent its spread. 
The nursery stock should be gone over carefully, row by 
row, and the infested trees dug up at once and destroyed. 
This work should commence in the spring and continue as 
required during the summer, for one infested tree in a block 
in the spring will serve to infest thousands of trees in that 
and adjoining blocks if allowed to remain throughout the 
summer. Therefore, what, is known in nursery parlance as 
“chasing” scale in the nursery rows by “keen eyes” is often 
necessary work. After going over an infested block in this 
manner the trunks of the trees should be then treated with 
whale oil soap, using two pounds to the gallon of water. 
This will not only serve to kill any scale in the trees that 
escaped the “chaser’s” eye, but it is otherwise a good treat¬ 
ment for the trees, as it cleans the bark, thereby improving 
the general appearance of the stock. 
