282 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
a raiifjo lor this class of shrubs. 
According to tlic views received by correspondence 
from (juitc' a nundjcr of growers, some prefer to grade 
hy six inch series on tlie dwarf slirubs, making 12-18 
inch grade, although a majority prefer the 12-15 and 
15-18 inch sei-ies. Out of 41 replies where definite posi¬ 
tion was taken, 28 prelerred the three inch series, 15 the 
six inch s(‘ri{‘s. 
I think nearly all growers are agreed on the grading of 
strong grow ing shrul)s. There is, howevei’, a difference 
of oj)inion legarding the numl)er of cajies in a standard 
size. In variedies that do not usually make many canes 
such as Wedgelia, Oolden lUder, Hydrangea P. G. and 
arhoreseens, most replies were to the effect that in 2-3 
feet, size' Ihe'y shoulel he graded three canes and up, 
altheeugh seeme prefer a 4 cane grade. On the 18-24 inch 
grade, 9 replies are for a tw e) cane and up grade. 10 say 
tlu'y shoulel he graded three canes and up. One or two 
wainteel a tour cane grade on Hydrangea in 18-24 inch 
size. On the 2-3 feet size, 18 favor a three cane and up 
graele, 4 a feeur cane and up grade. In actual practice 
seeme greew ers include twu) cane plants, but such plants 
she)ulel be placed in separate grade and sold as a twm cane 
grade. No member in replying favored a two cane and 
up grade for the 2-3 feet size. The statement in the 
grading table that all shrubs shall be well furnished is 
not specific enough for apparently there is a wide differ¬ 
ence of opinion, or rather in practice among grow ers as 
to wdiat constitutes a w^ell furnislied shrub. 
Your committee recommends specifying number of 
canes in our lists on shrubs that do not make many canes. 
For example, many growers specify number of canes on 
upright grow ing varieties of Ligustrum such as Amoor 
Liver North and California. If this practice is followed 
the customer w ill know^ better what to expect. There is 
too much variation in the system follow^ed in grading the 
shrubs of the character referred to here, for certainly a 
twvj cane plant could not be considered a w^ell furnished 
shrub. There are shrubs like Rhus Cotinus, Chionthus 
Virgmica, and similar varieties that are scarce and will 
probably continue so on account of difficulty in growing. 
Until stock becomes more plentiful it is necessary in 
many instances to sell single stem plants. This can be 
sjiecified in our lists. 
Ueferring to the question of average in size, our table 
])rovides that all stock shall be graded so as to maintain 
an average. For example, 100 plants 12-18 inch should 
include enough over 15 inches to make an average of 15 
inches. 2-3 feet should average 30 inches. In actual 
practice it has not been the custom to meet these specifi¬ 
cations. Although correct in theory, you have to con¬ 
sider the way in which shrubs grow\ Plants that are 
bushy and well furnished that run 18 inches and over, 
while the entire lot may not average full 21 inches, are 
usually included in 18-24 inch grade. We should be 
sure however, that such plants are bushy and well fur¬ 
nished. The general jiractice is that where a shrub is 
w ell furnished with canes that run two feet or better in 
height, it is included in 2-3 feet size. If 3 feet or more, 
then in 3-4 feet size, as may be regardless of whetber 
shrubs average 36 inches in height or 42 inches in height. 
The value of such shrubs actually depending more upon 
the number of canes and the root system rather than the 
height. I think the growers are generally pretty woll 
agreed on this practice. 
Your committee recommends that the system of three 
inches series on dwarf shrubs up to eighteen inches be 
follow ed. 
Fj'uit Trees—Tbe grading table for fruit trees provides 
that caliper be taken two inches above wdiere the seedling 
top w as cut off on budded trees and tw o inches above the 
top of the original graft on grafted trees. The grading 
table provides for minimum height on the different varie¬ 
ties and grades. In replies received to inquiries sent out 
regarding the grading table on the fruit trees forty grow¬ 
ers approved of the standard, seven wore not in favor of 
the change, the principal objection being on changing the 
5-8 grading to 9-16. There were quite a number that did 
not exjjress a preference. I only counted those that took 
a definite position. Most of the growors that objected to 
the change on the 5-8 grading were located in the East. 
One prominent eastern firm replied as follows: “While 
we believe Horticultural Standards are all right and a 
stej) in the right direction, we have not yet used them in 
as much as the greater portion of the larger nurserymen 
are not apparently adopting the system as their trade 
lists all show the old standard of grading. We are per¬ 
fectly w illing to fall in line on the new^ grade as soon as 
the other fellow s do but do not want to go it practically 
alone. To be of benefit and work out to tbe best ad¬ 
vantage all around here the new standards should be 
adopted by all members.” 
One Pacific Coast firm advised that they were able to 
use standard grading on two year trees, but could not do 
so for one year as tbe Pacific Coast Nurserymen have 
long used a different standard that is generally satisfac¬ 
tory and they are not willing to change it. Another lead¬ 
ing fruit tree grower located on the Coast advised, “We 
are not using these standards for fruit trees as our 
Pacific. Coast Association of Nurserymen adopted slightly 
different rules. We do use the standards adopted by your 
association in filling orders for eastern customers but 
have to change over for our regular run of trade west of 
the Rocky Mountains. We believe the grading here is 
too close and the caliper measure too strong. Personally 
we prefer your grading rules to those adopted by our 
association, and w^e expect some change to be made this 
summer in that direction.” The Pacific Coast Standard 
as follows; 
Measure Caliper 2 inches above tbe bud wbicb pro¬ 
duced tbe tree. 
APPLES, CRABS, PEARS, 
SWEET CHERRIES, PEACHES 
AND APRICOTS 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
in. 
Caliper 
3/4 in. np 
5/8-3/4 
1/2-5/8 
3/8-1/2 
1/4-3/8 
1/8-1/4 
SOUR 
Caliper 
3/4 in. up 
5/8-3/4 in. 
1/2-5/8 in. 
3/8-1/2 in. 
1/4-3/8 in. 
Min. Height 
5 ft. up 
4 ft. up 
3% ft. up 
3 ft. up 
2 ft. up 
1^2 ft. up 
CHERRY 
Min. Height 
4 ft. up 
3% ft. up 
3 ft. up 
21/^ ft. up 
2 ft. up 
PRUNE AND PLUM 
Caliper 
3/4 in. up 
5/8-3/4 in. 
1/2-5/8 in. 
3/8-1/2 in. 
1/4-3/8 in. 
1/8-1/4 in. 
Caliper 
1/2 in. up 
3/8-1/2 in. 
5/16-3/8 in. 
Min. Height 
6 ft. up 
5 ft. up 
4 ft. up 
3 ft. up 
2 ft. up 
1% ft. up 
Min. Height 
4-6 ft. up 
3-4 ft. up 
2-3 ft.up 
QUINCE 
If you will analyze the Pacific Coast Standard, you 
