THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
21 
have become nearly exliausted. Kiangsi, Szechwan, and 
Yunnan Provinces are said to have considerable numbers 
of trees, especially the inaccessible regions of southwes¬ 
tern Yunnan. During 1917 China exported 473,000 
pounds, valued at 261,000 taels or United States dollars, 
90 per cent of which came from Kiangsi Province. 
Cassia Bark and Oil —Cassia {Cinnamomum cassia) is 
a large and useful tree found on the borders of Kwan- 
tung and Kwangsi Provinces and in South China gen¬ 
erally. The bark, cassia-lignea, is stripped off, allowed 
to lie for 24 hours, during wdiieh time it undergoes a 
species of fermentation, and the epidermis is easily 
scraped off. It dries into a quilled shajie, in which it 
comes to market. It is smaller quilled, breaks shorter, 
and is less pungent and acrid than cinnamon. During 
1916 10,000,000 pounds of the bark were exported from 
(ianton via Hongkong. Cassia oil is obtained from the 
leaves and the tw igs by distillation and is used in medi¬ 
cine. It is also used in perfumery and flavoring condi¬ 
ments. Cassia buds, refuse, and tw igs to the extent of 
6,000,000 pounds were exported during 1917. 
Castor Oil —The extensive use of aeroplanes in the 
war has greatly increased the demand for castor oil, 
which iS(, used as a lubricant for the motors. It is used 
for mixing w ith jiaints, for medicinal jmrposes, for cook¬ 
ing and illuminating purposes, and for mixing the colors 
for Chinese seals. The oil is extracted from the seeds 
by simple pressure. Tbe crude oil is boiled w ith w ater, 
which separates the alkaloids and other impurities, the 
water being then evaporated. In China castor beans are 
])lanted on the borders of'fields to prevent animals from 
wandering onto the fields, as the beans are poisonous be¬ 
cause of the alkaloids they contain, and the animats w ill 
not devour them. They are found quite abundantly over 
most of Cbina. The oil has only recently found a ])lace 
in foreign trade. The price now^ (Sejitember 18, 1918^, 
is 22 cents a ])ound, as compared with 12 cents a year 
ago. There should be good prospects for the develoj)- 
ment of this trade. 
MAKING A STABT IN BUSINESS 
The first movements in business are usually taken w ith 
faltering steps,, the novice feeling his w ay over the rough 
ground and difficult places he must cover in his climb to 
the top. 
When making your start it is no indignity to acknow¬ 
ledge to yourself and the world that you are a novice, as 
by so doing you gain more respect than by attempting to 
bluff your w ay along, only to be halted w ith a short turn 
by some unfeeling customer. 
Business is a close game of matching wdts, with truth 
the dominant feature. Truth is the new powder in bus¬ 
iness. It is beyond the power of one man to outline a 
course in business success, but the following will be 
found highly beneficial. . 
Be a good listener. Thus you will gain from w isdom 
and experience. Study trade journals and read the ad¬ 
vertisements of other merchants. You will thus be able 
to obtain a wmnderful working knowledge of your ow n 
line. Be modest in your own achievements, once success 
comes. Last but not least, as success arrives, show=' your 
satisfaction with the community, so that you may be 
known as a man in the fullest sense of the wmrd, not a 
mere dollar chaser. 
The machinery of business is intricate. When a con¬ 
tractor constructs a building or a mason erects a w^all, 
he and his workers abide by the plans until the job is 
done. In business, however, there can be no cut-and- 
dried plan of operation, simply a matter of keen judg¬ 
ment, tact and work every minute in the business day. 
Walls can be rebuilt, the building torn down and al¬ 
tered, but in business once the spoken word leaves your 
lips it cannot be recalled, no matter bow dire the need or 
wdiat the damage may be. Use extreme care in speech, 
' deportment, business action and methods. As you learn, 
so you earn, and the man with the greatest capacity for 
learning has, as a rule, the greatest earning powder. 
A young man w^as made manager of a shoe store which 
has as its selling force two clerks wdio had grown gray 
in the service of the former manager. The disciple of the 
new^ w^ay of selling goods asked the clerks to tell him 
w hat they really knew" about selling shoes. The clerks 
thought he was joking and smiled in a superior sort of 
a way. The new manager, how^ever, by insisting on 
answ"ers to a few pertinent questions, found that the 
clerks had been selling shoes for ever so long by a rule- 
of-thumb method wdiich, while satisfactory from the im¬ 
mediate view", did not establish a lasting trade. 
Now" all is changed. The first move w"as for each sales 
clerk to take a complete course in modern shoe fitting, in¬ 
cluding the study of the structure of the foot. In that 
store now" service, science and satisfaction are sold w"ith 
every pair of shoes .—Philadelphia Public Ledger. 
THE KATSURA TREE 
When one w rites of flow ering trees for the law n, the 
Katsura tree. Cercidiphyllum Japonicum cannot be in¬ 
cluded, for, though it flow ers, the blossoms are so small 
and colorless as to be practically inconspicuous. 
Nevertheless, it can be recommended as a most deserv¬ 
ing ornamental tree, w hich will please everyone w ho may 
plant it. Its habit of growth and its handsome foilage 
are particularly pleasing. In outline this tree is broadly 
pyramidal, and well clothed w ith foliage to the ground. 
The foliage is almost heart-shaped, the leaves well ar¬ 
ranged in pairs, w ell developed leaves being tw"o to three 
inches in length by two in w idth. What adds greatly to 
its beauty all summer is the rosy purple color of the leaf 
stalks, blending w ell w ith the green of the leaf; and then 
the veining of the leaves, of a lighter green than the body, 
adds further to the attraction. The under side of the 
leaves is of a much lighter color than the upper surface 
and is beautifullly veined. It is regarded by all familiar 
w"ith it as one of tbe most beautiful ornamental trees 
know"n for summer, and when autumn comes the foliage 
before falling becomes of a deep yellow". 
To have the Cercidi])hyllum do its best it should be 
planted preferably in deep, moist soil, though it does very 
W"ell in any ordinary situation; but its foliage is much 
handsomer w"hen in deep soil than in any other position. 
A dry soil it does not like at all. 
