THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
221 
75 degrees in closed cases, which are covered with sash 
or glass. A close moist atmosphere is absolutely essen¬ 
tial in order to have them unite; of supreme importance 
is the introduction of air so as to keep the roots from 
blackening. Of course, this method is only practical 
wliere glass houses are available. 
Root grafting on small pieces of roots is a method em¬ 
ployed by the nurseiymen at Orleans, France; they use 
hard wood and place the grafts under glasses, shading 
them with 'a light wash on the side of bell next to the 
glass. The grafts are j)lanted some 12 to 20 under each 
hell; then carefidly transplanted when united and in 
growth. 
Stocks for budding purposes are better known by youf 
/membership than by myself; their preparation and cul¬ 
ture, I take it, is similar to the handling of fruit stocks. 
A word as to the kind of stock. Manetti has had the 
lead ill this country with only a moderate quantity of 
canina being used; while in Europe canina is extensively 
used, almost to the exclusion of other kinds of stock for 
budding. 
The Rosa multiflora of Japan seems to have vitality, is 
a good producer of roots and is, I think, justly esteemed 
as one of the most practical and satisfactory stocks on 
which to hud Roses. A recent visit to two places where 
this stock is being extensively used, would seem to put it 
in first raidv as a stock on which to work Roses. The old 
(iloire des Rosamenes is being used quite extensively in 
California with gratifying results; in fact, I have never 
seen a more beautiful growth than Howard & Smith had 
in their Rose fields where this stock was used. Own root 
Roses vs. budded is a controversial field and while I have 
my own opinion as to their relative merits, I am inclined 
to think that for most localities the Hybrid Teas and Teas 
thrive best budded. In the South and in favored local¬ 
ities perhaps own-root Roses are preferable. 
VEGETARLE GROWERS’ CONVENTION 
The Vegetable Growers’ Association of America will 
hold its annual meeting at Detroit, Michigan, September 
9 to 12. This organization is composed of many of the 
leading vegetable growers of the United States and Can¬ 
ada. The attendance usually exceeds five hundred and 
it is expected that this year there will be a larger num¬ 
ber than ever before. Time will be taken to visit points 
of special interest to the delegates in and around Detroit. 
There will be special features this year looking to the 
pleasure and entertainment of the delegates. Vegetable 
growers who can possibly arrange to attend this meeting 
will find that it will he a pleasure, profit, and satisfaction 
to them. 
Anyone wishing a copy of the program, which will be 
issued later, or wisliing to secure any other infoimation 
relative to the convention should write to Samuel W. 
Severance, Secretary, Louisville, Kentucky, or to C. W. 
Waid, Chairman of the Convention Committee, East Lan¬ 
sing, Michigan. 
CROWN GALL 
In the experiments recorded in bulletin 50 of i\u) Iow a 
State College of Agriculture on the effect of crown gall 
on apple trees, two of the leading commercial varieties 
of apples common in Iowa have been employed, namely. 
Wealthy and Jonathan. The orchard was set in 1912 at 
Shenandoah, Iowa, on a modified Missouri loess lyjie of 
soil, using two year old “cut hack” trees for planting. 
Under the conditions of the experiment described, at 
the end of five years more of the crown gall infected 
apple trees were alive than normal trees. 
Although the stand for the first four years w as hettm‘ 
on the crown gall than on the normal bloek yet the records 
taken after the severe winter of 1916-17 show that the 
stand of the Jonathan in the crown gall block was re¬ 
duced from 96 per cent, to 91 per cent, as compared to a 
95 per cent, stand in the normal block. 
The experiment confirms the general idea that Wealtliy 
is more susceptible to crown gall than Jonathan. When 
apparently normal Wealthy and Jonathan trees were set 
in this orchard 62 per cent of the Wealthy became in¬ 
fected and 13 per cent, of the Jonathan. 
In this experiment galled trees did not grow nearly as 
rapidly as normal trees. Those w hich w ere galled when 
set and later recovered' made a greater grow th than those 
that did not recover from the galls. 
The data presented show that crown gall greatly re¬ 
tards the growth activities of young apple trees. It is 
followed by a reduction in the amount of increase in 
trunk diameter, and in the number of twdgs, their length, 
their thickness and their w^eight. 
The amount of injury is affected by the length of time 
the tree has been galled and by the location and extent of 
the injury. 
The experiment has not yet covered the activities of 
trees of bearing age. 
It is clear that twig measurement is a much more ac¬ 
curate and valuable index of the effect of crown gali 
than trunk diameter growth. 
Large galls seemed to be more injurious than small 
ones. Small galls on underground portions of the tree 
did not seem to injure materially the twig growth. 
Fruit spurs develop earlier on the badly galled than on 
the normal trees. 
Galls on the stock and union seemed to he equally 
harmful. 
Galls on the secondary roots were less harmful than 
those occurring on the union or stock. 
Hard galls were less injurious than soft galls. 
PERFECTLY SIMPLE 
A Boston man who was passing the night at a hotel in 
a Southern town told the colored porter he wanted to be 
called early in the morning. The porter replied: “Say, 
boss. Ah reckon yo’ ain’t familiar with these heah mod¬ 
ern inventions. When yo’ wants to he called in de 
mawnin’ all yo’ has to do is jest to press de button at de 
head of yo’ bed. Den we comes up an’ calls you.”— 
Boston Transcript. 
