ENGLISH WALNUT or more properly PERSIAN WALNUT 
(Juglans regia) 
The English Walnut as previously grown in the Eastern U. S. 
has been imported from England, France, Germany, etc., and have 
not proven hardy where winter temperature falls to more than 
—10° F. This has held its range to Southern Penn., Southern N. J. 
and farther South. 
THE CRATH CARPATHIAN ENGLISH WALNUTS 
This class of English walnuts are named after the Rev. Paul 
C. Crath, who was born in the Russian Ukraine. He is a graduate 
of two European Universities and one in North America. For seven 
years (1925-1933) he was a missionary in the Carpathian Moun¬ 
tains of Poland. He became much interested in walnuts growing 
in these mountains. In 1929 there was a very severe winter all 
over Europe, in the Carpathian mountains of Poland the tempera¬ 
tures remaining 45 degrees below zero for over two months. The 
peasants took their cows, pigs, etc., into their huts to keep them 
from freezing to death. Nearly all plum trees and many apple and 
pear trees were killed, but the walnut trees suffered very little, 
withstanding the severe cold better than any other of the fruit 
trees. 
In 1934 money was raised by interested nut tree growers in 
U. S. and Canada to send the Rev. Crath to Poland to select Eng¬ 
lish walnuts for introduction into the northern states and Canada. 
He selected only high quality nuts from trees that showed no in¬ 
jury at all from the 1929 winter. The importation of these nuts 
continued for several years but now of course the war has put a 
stop to it, and there may never be any further opportunity to do 
so, as that portion of Poland has been taken over by Russia and 
very possibly the walnut trees have been cut down for gun 
stocks, etc. 
The Carpathian English Walnut and the Circassian walnut are 
synonymous. The Circassian walnut is valued in the furniture in¬ 
dustry higher than Mahogany. 
The Carpathian English Walnut makes large fairly fast grow¬ 
ing trees. Trees 30 to 100 years old being 60 to 75 feet high and a 
foot to three feet in diameter of trunk. In the majority of cases the 
quality of the Carpathian English Walnut is superior to that of 
the California English Walnuts. 
In 1936 we purchased two pounds of the nuts imported from 
Poland that winter and from these have about 60 seedlings growing 
and have started grafting these seedlings onto black walnut stock. 
They make rapid growth. We are not trying to sell any of these 
grafts until after they begin to bear so that we can judge of their 
merits. However, if any one wishes to experiment we can spare a 
few of these trees at $3.00 each. However, we have some fine 
