462 
[March 19, 1910. 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
the occurrence of cancers and other tumerous 
growths. Tumors in fish have been known for 
many years, and the bureau has from time to 
time collected specimens of various kinds of 
tumors from different species of fish. Owing to 
the activity that has characterized the investiga¬ 
tion of cancer during the past ten years, cancer 
in the lower animals, and in fact in all the 
vertebrates, becomes a subject of great interest. 
Certain types of cancer appear to be more 
frequent than others in domesticated fish, and 
cancer of the thyroid gland has been observed 
at various times in trout and salmon at Govern¬ 
ment and other hatcheries. Of late the disease 
seems to be on the increase, and the bureau has 
undertaken a thorough and systematic investiga¬ 
tion of the entire subject of cancer in fish, and 
to this end has availed itself of the services of 
the director of the New York State Cancer 
Laboratory, who will pursue his studies in con¬ 
junction with the regular work of that institution. 
The Forest, Fish and Game Commission of the 
State of New York will co-operate in this work. 
The inquiries already made have shown that 
the subject is very important and will require 
thorough study covering a considerable period of 
time. Careful investigation has been made in 
two localities where the disease is so prevalent 
as to constitute an epidemic, and the work will 
be extended so as to include a systematic exami¬ 
nation of wild fish in open waters as well as the 
young and adult fish in Government, State and 
private hatcheries. At Buffalo, N. Y., where it 
is proposed to conduct experiments on fishes, ar¬ 
rangements have been made for the installation 
of two aquaria on the closed circulation plan 
with full provision for refrigeration and aeration 
of the water. The bureau is fully alive to the 
far-reaching importance of this investigation and 
will devote every energy and facility at its dis¬ 
posal for the prompt and thorough elucidation 
of the problems of the cause and prevention of 
this most serious malady. 
It has long been a mooted question whether 
the steelhead trout and the rainbow trout are 
different species or the same species with some¬ 
what different habits. A special study of these 
fish in their home waters has been undertaken. 
The evidence thus far obtained points to the 
specific identity of the fish. The question is not 
without its practical bearing in fishculture, and 
the inquiry will soon permit a definite conclusion 
to be reached. 
CO-OPERATION WITH THE STATES. 
Active co-operation with the various States in 
fishcultural and fishery work has been a feature 
of the bureau’s policy for many years. This 
co-operation in the interests of the public wel¬ 
fare will continue and become more effective so 
far as the resources and functions of the bureau 
will permit. 
It is noted with regret that there is a desire 
on the part of some States to control, curtail, 
restrict and handicap by legislative action or offi¬ 
cial regulation the work of the bureau in arti¬ 
ficial propagation, and it may become necessary 
to resort to the courts to determine the status 
and rights of Federal fishculture in State and in¬ 
terstate waters in pursuance of acts of Congress. 
One of the latest exhibitions of this attitude of 
certain States is the case of Michigan, whose 
Legislature has taken entirely out of the bureau’s 
hands the collection of eggs of the commercial 
fishes of the Great Lakes. No necessity for such 
a course was shown, and the action of the State 
was in opposition to the expressed wishes of the 
bureau and inimical to the interests of fish preser¬ 
vation. 
Allotments aggregating 713,391,265 fertilized 
fish eggs were made by the bureau to the fish 
commissions of the various States. 
The question of stocking with food and game 
fishes the reservoirs and lakes formed in con¬ 
nection with Government irrigation and recla¬ 
mation projects has been brought up at various 
times. A conspicuous case is that of the Roose¬ 
velt Dam in Salt River, Arizona, which will de¬ 
velop an artificial lake from ten to twenty-five 
miles long and seventy to 220 feet deep. The 
lake will be hear the center of the territory and 
a long distance from any supply of fish. The 
Department of the Interior has expressed a de¬ 
sire to have the bureau stock this lake with fish 
for the benefit of the people, and the bureau has 
agreed to undertake this work. The Govern¬ 
ment is the owner in fee of all lands covered by 
the lake, and the lands immediately surrounding 
have been set apart as a Government bird pre¬ 
serve. These conditions should result in Federal 
surveillance and control. 
The bureau will undertake to stock all such 
reservoirs with suitable fish and to maintain the 
supply of fish therein, but it is thought that a 
definite policy should be determined on for the 
exercise of proper control over the fishing in 
such waters. Reasonable restrictions on the 
times and methods of fishing should be pre¬ 
scribed after investigation, but the bureau is 
without any authority or machinery to enforce 
regulations, and it is apparent that there should' 
be some arrangement for co-operation between 
the Reclamation Service, which controls the 
reservoirs and this bureau, which will keep them 
supplied with fish. 
Closely connected with this matter is the neces¬ 
sity for protecting the fish life in the irrigation 
canals and ditches in the West. The absence of 
guards or screens at the heads of ditches per¬ 
mits the fish to run in from the canals and be¬ 
come stranded. Furthermore, the annual drain¬ 
ing of the canals and ditches leaves fish without 
water. In this way tremendous destruction of 
fish is now going on, and much larger loss will 
ensue later. It is, therefore, very important that 
general regulations be framed for the preserva¬ 
tion of fish in such waters by requiring the use 
of effective screens or wheels. 
There is an active and widespread demand for 
the publications of the bureau, many of which 
contain practical instructions for persons engag¬ 
ing in fishculture. in commercial fishing, in the 
preservation of fishery products and in other 
branches of the industry. During the year 23,000 
documents have been forwarded in response to 
specific requests and 7,500 additional have been 
sent to libraries, societies, educational institu¬ 
tions and specialists at home and abroad whose 
names are on the permanent mailing list. 
Atlantic Ocean Race. 
There is to be another race across the Atlan¬ 
tic Ocean next year. This time the race will 
start at some point on the other side and the 
finish will be at the Scotland or Ambrose Chan¬ 
nel Lightships at the entrance to New York 
Harbor. The race is being promoted by the 
Atlantic Y. C., and President Taft has agreed 
to stand sponsor for the cup which will be called 
the President’s Cup and be presented by the 
President to the owner of the winning yacht. 
President Taft is doing a great deal for yacht¬ 
ing. Last year he gave a cup to the Toledo Y. 
C. for which the catboats on the lakes compete 
each summer, and he was sponsor for the trophy 
for which the German and American sonder 
boats raced. This was won by Joyette. 
In all the long history of ocean racing, there 
has been but one race to this side. That was 
in 1870 when the schooners Cambria and Daunt¬ 
less raced from Old Kinsale to Sandy Hook. 
This race was won by the British yacht Cam¬ 
bria, and her time was 21 days, 5 hours, 17 
minutes. 
The first race across the ocean was sailed in 
1866. The schooners Henrietta, Fleetwing and 
Vesta raced for a stake amounting to $90,000. 
Henrietta won in 13 days, 21 minutes, 55 sec¬ 
onds. She sailed 3,106 nautical miles. The start 
was at Sandy Hook and the finish off the 
Needles. In 1887 the schooners Coronet and 
Dauntless sailed a match race from Bay Ridge 
to Queenstown for $10,000 aside, and Coronet 
won in 14 days, 23 hours, 30 minutes. The last 
of these races was in 1905 when eleven yachts 
raced from Sandy Hook to the Lizard for the 
German Emperor’s cup. This was won by At¬ 
lantic in 12 days, 4 hours. 
Twenty-five years ago long distance racing 
was very popular and contests for the Cape May 
and Brenton’s Reef cups have furnished some 
rare sport, but later yachtsmen tired of this 
sport and devoted their attention to the ordinary 
regattas. While Frederick T. Adams was com¬ 
modore of the Atlantic Y. C. in 1899, a race was 
arranged in which four schooners and two 
sloops took part from Shelter Island to Sea Gate, 
going outside Long Island. The schooners were 
Coronet, Ramona, Sachem and Katrina. The 
race was a remarkable one. The yachts sepa¬ 
rated when off Montauk Point. Ramona and 
Coronet stood well offshore, Katrina worked 
against the wind well in toward the beach and 
Sachem took a course between those two. The 
wind was west, and' when the four passed in by 
the Romer Beacon, only two minutes separated 
the first and last. Katrina won the race. Com¬ 
modore Robert E. Tod, owner of Katrina, suc¬ 
ceeded Commodore Adams, and he did much to> 
