754 
FOREST AND STREAM 
[May 7, 1910. 
have oyer other makes, which are fully explained in 
our new catalogue. Study them while you are get¬ 
ting Lefever wise. You need a copy. Write to-day. 
Lefever Arms Co., 23 MaltbieSt., Syracuse, N.Y. 
'Y7' OU know ruffed grouse—monarchs of the up- 
lands. You know, also, that a crippled ruffed 
grouse has a trick or two for evading the game bag. 
The only ruffed grouse you can show for a day in 
the bush—unless your dog is a gotd one and your 
luck is unusual—are the birds you got by good 
clean kills. 
There is nothing so conducive to cuss words as 
searching for crippled birds. Men who shoot 
Lefever guns don’t know what it is to waste time 
fruitlessly chasing cripples—they pick up their birds 
dead and hurry after fresh game. 
Any man who' has swung a Lefever true on a 
rocketing pair of upland kings does not wonder at 
the result—he banks on it— 
Two Clean Kills 
The reason Lefever guns kill clean and sure and 
far is Lefever Taper Boring. 
But Taper Boring is only one of the 19 exclusive 
advantages. 
Lefever Shot Guns 
rE'RGX/S'OJV'S' 
Patent Reflecting Lamps 
THOMAS J. CONROY, Agent, 
28 John Street, 
Cor. Nassau St., 
New York. 
With Silver Plated 
LocomotiveReflec- 
torsand Adjustable 
Attachments. 
UNIVERSAL LAMP, 
For Sportsmen’s use. Combines Head 
Jack (Front and Top), Boat Jack, Fishing, 
Gamp, Belt and Dash Lamp, Hand Lan¬ 
tern, etc. 
EXCELSIOR LAMP, 
For Night Driving, Hunting, Fishing, etc. 
Is adjustable to any kind of dash or vehi¬ 
cle. Send stamp for Illustrated Catalogue 
and address all orders Lamp Department. 
Pigeon Shooting 
By CAPT. A. W. MONEY 
A standard book on the sport by a 
recognized expert, covering all phases of 
live-bird and clay-pigeon shooting with 
much that is of value to every man who 
wishes to be complete master of his gun. 
Covers position, guns, ammunition, 
handling, sighting, field shooting, trigger 
pulls, technique and practice. This book 
will soon be out of print. Listed to sell 
at $1. Our price, while they last, 
75 cents, postpaid 
FOREST AND STREAM PUB. CO. 
Diameter of Spread of Shot Charges. 
Recent discussions concerning the relative merits of 
sixteens and twelve bores give a special interest to meas¬ 
urements of the total spread of a charge of shot. 1 he 
task of arriving at acceptable standard values is greatly 
simplified by the fact that the spread of a charge of 
shot is entirely uninfluenced by the bore of the gun or 
the charge or size of the shot, the only disturbing ele¬ 
ment being the amount of choke, if any, in the barrels. 
From a .410 to a four-bore experiments appear to indicate 
that each kind of barrel throws its pellets over a gradu¬ 
ally widening space, varying only with the range, and 
as already stated, entirely unaffected by the gauge of 
the gun and the quantity of shot in the cartridge. The 
underlying rule is admittedly frequently hidden by varia¬ 
tions due to extraneous causes, but if sufficient shots 
are fired and the conditions generally are safeguarded 
by efficient checks, the trend of the results is always 
found to be the same. A carefully prepared table show¬ 
ing the diameter of spread at all ranges is of extreme 
interest, since it enables a general answer to be given on 
several hotly debated problems. Such a table has been 
built up as far as possible in harmony with previously 
published results and conclusions. The various missing 
links which were found to exist have been filled in by 
means of carefully conducted experiments. The complete 
table is presented herewith: 
Table I.—Width of spread down the range: 
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 
Boring of gun. Yds. Yds. Yds. Yds. Yds. Yds. Yds. 
True cylinder. 19in. 26in. 32in. 38in. 44in. 51in. 57in. 
Imp. cylinder. 15in. 20in. 26in. 32in. 38in. 44in. 51in. 
Half choke_ 12in. 16in. 20in. 26in. S2in. 38in. 46in. 
Full choke_ 9in. 12in. 16in. 21in. 26in. 32in. 40in. 
During the experiments it was constantly manifest 
that choke of any kind seemed to do more harm than 
good as regards the general effectiveness of the pattern 
up to thirty yards, whereas the true cylinder gun showed 
a maximum of efficiency very nearly up to this point. 
True cylinder boring seems, in fact, to carry out the 
principle that the bird in the hand is better than the 
bird in the bush, the application being that it is better 
to specialize in the near chances than to make prepara¬ 
tions for the remote shots which are in the nature of 
odd chances that seldom come off. To give a more 
definite meaning to the first table, a second has been 
prepared, which throws a somewhat remarkable light on 
points of frequent controversy. The second table has 
also the merit of being more easily grasped by the mind 
than is possible with the preceding one. Every circle 
quoted in the first fable represents a given area, and 
over this area the total pellets in the charge are more or 
less irregularly spread; in fact, the circular spread of a 
charge of shot is a kind of average value with many 
blanks inside, the same being balanced by a number of 
stray pellets outside the circle, which could not possibly 
be taken into the reckoning. Even admitting that the 
circle diameter has been determined in a liberal 'spirit 
of approximation, it is still perplexing to know how 
to deal with the much closer distribution of pellets in 
the central portion of the area. However, on the broad 
assumption that the pellets are equally spread over the 
whole of the circle representing the total dispersion of 
the charge, an allowance of so many pellets can be 
calculated for each size of game bird. The partridge 
diagram, which has so frequently been utilized in illus¬ 
trations of pattern, occupies an area of eighteen and a 
half square inches (viz., about four inches square), which 
is a useful standard value, to which frequent references 
have in the past been made. This area goes a certain 
number of times into the various areas denoted by the 
above circle sizes, and, assuming that the shooter is 
firing with one and a sixteenth ounces of No. 6 shot 
(289 pellets), each degree of spread represents on the 
average a given allowance of pellets per partridge. The 
circumstance that a centrally held shot would place the 
bird in a thicker portion of the pattern than would be 
the case with more approximate marksmanship simply 
means that the average values of the table as it now 
appears are subject to variations up or down, say 20 
per cent, at a maximum, according to the several de¬ 
grees of skill of shooters. 
Table II.—Pellets per partridge for 1 1-16 ounces of 
No. 6 shot (289 pellets): 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
40 
Boring of gun. 
Yds. 
Yds. 
Y ds. 
Yds. 
Yds. 
Yds. 
Yds. 
True cylinder. 
16.3 
8.7 
5.8 
4.1 
3.0 
2.3 
1.8 
Imp. cylinder 
26.0 
14.7 
8.7 
5.8 
4.1 
3.0 
2.3 
Half choke ... 
40.9 
22.9 
14.7 
8.7 
5.8 
4.1 
2.9 
Full choke ... 
72.3 
40.9 
22.9 
13.4 
8.7 
5.8 
3.7 
These values 
read 
side by side 
with 
the article 
which 
appeared in the issue of Dec. 11 last will no doubt 
prove highly instructive when considering the relative 
merits of different bores and borings. It is really sur¬ 
prising to find how short is the distance over which 
any particular boring of gun gives the ideal allowance 
of five pellets per partridge. Admittedly, there is much 
opening for difference of opinion whether this is or is 
not a proper allowance, correct estimations being of 
course complicated by the difficulty of knowing the 
mean distance at which the generality of successful 
shots are accomplished. It should be recognized that 
the five pellets per bird average is not strictly applicable 
to the above table, in the sense that an ordinary good 
shot might expect to get his birds into the denser por¬ 
tions of the pattern more often than not. For instance, 
the half choke has been accorded a total spread of forty- 
seven inches at forty yards. Supposing this diameter 
had been a little less, the inclosed area could be divided 
into two equal portions consisting on the one hand of 
the space inclosed by the thirty-inch, circle and on the 
other the surrounding ring. The pellets are divided 
over these two equal spaces in the proportions of sixty 
and forty, so that the number of pellets striking the bird 
will vary about 20 per cent., according to whether or 
not a good central alignment has been obtained. This 
means that the five pellets per bird average is lowered 
to four pellets for the purpose of examining the values 
given in Table II. Judged by this test, the particulars 
given accord very closely with sporting experience as 
far as it can be summarized in a Said table of figures.— 
Field (London). 
Columbus Gun Club. 
Columbus, O., April 23.—Only a small crowd was out 
Saturday afternoon. Most of the boys were shot out. 
Weather was bad. W. R. Chamberlain did the best 
shooting, with H. E. Smith and Ben Bolin close up. 
Bolin won a leg on the secretary’s trophy and the 
Hunter Arms Co. vase, tying with H. E. Smith and 
winning on the shootoff, breaking 14 out of 15 to H. 
E. Smith’s 13. Each broke 45 out of 60. This is the 
second leg for Bolin. Both shot from 18yds. 
We are very sorry to hear that Mr. Horace Heikes 
was taken ill last Tuesday night on his way to Circle- 
ville to attend that shoot. He has the best wishes of all 
our boys, and we wish him a speedy recovery. 
There was no team shoot at Circleville on Wednesday, 
as per schedule. The weather was too bad, and only a 
few of the Columbus boys went down. No mention of 
a team shoot was made when the Columbus boys got 
there. . 
That old veteran, E. M. Stout, had his arm in a sling 
and couldn’t shoot. Hope you can soon, stouty. Don’t 
shoot such heavy loads next time. Shoot talcum powder; 
it won’t kick so much. 
Shot at. Broke 
H E Smith.110 98 
F Kingsbury ... 125 106 
G Smith . 125 91 
O Shilling.110 98 
Shot at. Broke 
W Chamberlain. 125 116 
W Webster .... 140 115 
B Bolin . 95 87 
L Fisher . 30 24 
Secretary trophy, 50 targets: 
H E Smith . 50 W R Chamberlain. 4i 
F Kingsbury . 41 W Webster . 43 
G Smith . 36 B Bolin . 45 
O Shilling . 44 
Columbus, O., April 30.—Owing to the street car 
strike, nothing was done at the traps Saturdav afternoon. 
Seven of the boys were at Cleveland attending the 
spring tournament of the Cleveland Gun Club. Also a 
match was shot with the Cleveland team, five men on a 
side, Cleveland winning by 9 birds. Columbus shot well 
in the first half, when the score stood a tie, but in the 
last half they lost out. The team was treated royally, 
but had to rush away to catch a train. On May 11 and 
12, a return match will be shot on the Columbus 
grounds, when the spring shoot will be held. A different 
story will be told, we bope. 
The program will be ready for this shoot, May 10, 
preliminary day, 100 targets, $8 entrance, four moneys, 
40, 30, 20. 10. May 11 and 12, 200 targets each dav, 
entrance $18, four moneys. Rose system, 8 , 5, 3, 2, with 
the money back plan. All any one can lose is $5 a day, 
the price of the targets and $1 to shoot for a gun. All 
stand at 16yds. All surplus, after all losses have been 
paid, go to high averages, based on 400 targets. Targets 
2 cents in all events. Contestants must shoot the entire 
program for May 11 and 12, including gun race. We 
have the promise of a good crowd. With a team from 
Cleveland, it ought to be one of the best attended, up- 
to-date. You are all invited. No one barred, not even 
you. Hope to see you all. L. F. 
Cleveland Gun Club. 
Cleveland, O.—The registered tournament of the 
Cleveland Gun Club was held on April 29-30. 
Apri 
1 29, 
First Day. 
Shot at. Broke 
Shot at. 
Broke 
F Le Noir. 
200 
ISO 
Wm Webster ... 
200 
184 
W Henderson.. 
..200 
183 
B Cooper . 
200 
181 
F G Bills. 
*00 
185 
C F Shell. 
200 
177 
F E Foltz.. 
200 
164 
Eon Fisher . 
200 
180 
T L Squier. 
*00 
170 
F' C Kingsbury. 
200 
15S 
C E Doolittle.. 
. 200 
179 
B Call . 
200 
172 
T A Gilchrist.. 
. 200 
183 
L Burton . 
.200 
172 
T A Flick. 
. 200 
173 
H Hopkins .... 
200 
181 
F D Telling... 
. 200 
167 
C Ducommon .. 
*00 
174 
C A North. 
. 200 
173 
1 R Blakeslee... 
200 
1#7 
W H Smith.... 
. 200 
174 
E S Rogers. 
200 
If.* 
T D Parker. 
*00 
171 
Ed Campbell.... 
200 
173 
C D Monahan. 
. 200 
177 
D A Upson. 
200 
188 
Geo Banahan . 
..155 
126 
T G Cathan. 
155 
117 
Geo Volk . 
. 200 
182 
April 
30. 
Second Day. 
F Le Noir .... 
: ISO 
166 
D A Upson. 
180 
174 
W Henderson . 
..180 
172 
F Hull . 
ISO 
16$ 
F G Bills. 
. ISO 
174 
IT E Smith. 
ISO 
IN 
F E Foltz. 
. ISO 
170 
F R Beaumont. 
180 
11* 
T L Squier.... 
ISO 
166 
G S Work. 
ISO 
163 
C E Doolittle.. 
. 180 
160 
Geo Radcliffe... 
180 
154 
T A Gilchrist.. 
. ISO 
164 
T D Rowley.... 
180 
158 
'T A Flick. 
. iso 
170 
B V Conert. 
ISO 
163 
F D Telling... 
. ISO 
163 
Geo Freeman .. 
ISO 
123 
C A North. 
. ISO 
160 
T W Robe. 
ISO 
120 
C D Monahan.. 
. ISO 
165 
W C Slate . 
ISO 
136 
Geo Banahan .. 
. 180 
152 
C B Glenner.... 
180 
148 
Geo Volk . 
. iso 
169 
B S Russell. 
60 
50 
Wm Webster .. 
. ISO 
169 
Rockwell . 
150 
87 
B Cooper . 
. ISO 
160 
P North . 
60 
19 
C F Shell. 
. ISO 
154 
Geo Burns . 
SO 
74 
Eon Fisher .... 
. ISO 
160 
R C Flopkins... 
100 
74 
F C Kingsbury 
. ISO 
154 
W C Ong. 
100 
72 
B Call . 
. iso 
165 
F W Tudd. 
180 
141 
T R Blakeslee.. 
. ISO 
165 
O E Hull. 
120 
99 
C S Rogers.... 
. iso 
148 
Dr T A Riley... 
50 
41 
Ed Campbell .. 
. 180 
169 
C W Snell. 
50 
37 
F. H. Wallace, Mgr. 
