FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Aug. 28, 1909. 
354 
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for regret that India cannot now boast of an¬ 
other man of the stamp of Sanderson. One 
of the greatest services rendered to natural 
history by Sanderson was his endeavor to cor¬ 
rect the exaggerated notions then prevalent as 
to the height of elephants and the length of 
tigers. As is too often the case with reform¬ 
ers, he was a little too thorough in his in¬ 
credulity, and we had subsequently to admit 
that he had underestimated the height of the 
elephant, while it has since been shown that 
tigers do occasionally attain a greater length 
than he believed to be the case. Still he was 
undoubtedly right—in the face of so much 
manifest exaggeration—to refuse to believe 
any statement he could not verify for himself. 
His observations on tigers—especially how 
they kill their prey—and his refutation of 
certain fables which had grown up in regard to 
the habits of man-eaters, are among the most 
valuable portions of his book. Sanderson may 
indeed be regarded as a typical naturalist- 
sportsman of the modern school, although his 
observations are mainly restricted to the 
larger mammals he came across, and it will be 
long before we look upon his like again. 
Three years later (1881) appeared the first 
edition of that fascinating book, “A Hunter’s 
Wanderings in Africa,” by F. Courteney 
Selous, of Bechuanaland fame; and it is no 
disparagement to others to say that this is by 
far the best product of the naturalist-sportsman ; 
that has hitherto been published in England. 
Among its noteworthy points are the discov- ! 
ery of the fact that black-maned and yellow¬ 
maned lions occur in the same litter of cubs, 
and also the recognition of the great variation 
in the relative length of the two horns of the 
common African rhinoceros—variations upon 
which several so-called species had been 
named. More important still is the detailed 
account of the habits of the white rhinoceros, 
which appears to have been completed only a 
few years before that magnificent animal be¬ 
came practically exterminated. One of the 
most valuable contributors to natural history 
in the whole book is the chapter on the ante¬ 
lopes of South and East Africa, reprinted from 
the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 
the same year. A noteworthy fact, if we are 
rightly informed about Mr. Selous, is that his 
great knowledge of natural history has been 
entirely acquired in the field, without prelim¬ 
inary training of any kind. His first expedi- 
tions were for the sake of ivory—a trade that 
has now practically come to an end in that 
part of the country—and pure love of the ani¬ 
mals with which he was brought into contact 
appears to have led him to study their char¬ 
acters and habits. 
Probably the vast wealth of its animal prod¬ 
ucts has been the reason why the naturalist- 
sportsman is so strongly to the fore in South¬ 
ern Africa. Omitting mention of several 
names, reference must be made to Sir J. C. 
Willoughby, whose volume, entitled “East 
Africa and Its Big Game,” was published in 
1889. Although, as he himself would probably 
be the first to admit, Sir John is not to be put 
on a par with Mr. Selous, either as a hunter or 
a naturalist, yet his book is of the right sort, and 
contains much valuable information as to the 
habits and range of East African animals, 
such as zebras, rhinoceroses and. antelopes. 
Whether Messrs. Nicolls and Eglington—-the 
joint authors of that valuable work, “The 
Sportsman in South Africa,” which appeared in 
1892—would prefer to be styled naturalist- 
sportsman, or naturalists pure and simple, we 
know not. But their work, which treats of all 
the larger animals of Southern Africa, is writ¬ 
ten for the naturalist-sportsman, and would 
probably not have appeared at all had not 
that modern development come into existence. 
H. H. Bryden, author of “Kloof and Karroo 
in Cape Colony,” and “Gun and Camera m 
Southern Africa,” is another excellent ex¬ 
ample of the naturalist-sportsman. Among 
animals that have especially attracted his at¬ 
tention, and of whose habits and distribution 
he has much increased our stock of knowledge, 
are the kudu and the giraffe. Of late years 
