126 
FOREST AND STREAM 
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BLANDFORD LABORATORY 
PRODUCTS COMPANY 
North Front St., OSSINING, N. Y. 
TAKE OFF THE LIMIT! 
MATHEMATICS PROVE THAT THE SURF CAST- 
ING RECORD HAS ABOUT BEEN REACHED 
By Switch Reel. 
I N pursuing the mechanical study of the 
surf cast the writer has become much 
impressed with the value of small things 
in the attainment of distance. All casters 
will agree that the factor upon which all 
distance depends is the initial velocity of _ 
the lead at the instant of release. 
The elements which enter into the initial 
velocity are the length of the arc through 
which the lead swings and the time con¬ 
sumed in bringing the lead from a state of 
rest to its highest velocity. 
It may be somewhat improper to use the 
term “arc” in this connection, for the course 
the lead takes is very probably the sum 
of two reversed arcs, or perhaps a spiral 
course, but for all purposes of analysis the 
true arc may be used arbitrarily to illus¬ 
trate the points it is here desired to make. 
The arc of the swing is based upon its 
radius and a very fair idea of the radius 
may be approximated by combining the dis¬ 
tance between the ground and the caster’s 
right hand as it goes over; the distance be¬ 
tween the right hand and the tip of the 
rod and the distance between the tip of 
the rod and the casting weight. 
The sum of these three, multiplied by the 
constant 3.1416, gives the length of arc if 
it be 180 degrees. But as it cannot be over 
90 degrees, the product must be divided 
by two. This figure divided by the time 
consumed in delivery and multiplied by 
some constant to represent acceleration 
which I have assumed to be 2, will give the 
initial velocity upon which distance first 
depends. 
The following tabulation is made up on 
the above basis and from it we will get a 
view of the points which it is intended to 
illuminate in this little study. It is entirely 
1 
hypothetical. 
Ph 
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C 
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rf 
be [ 
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4-* 
bo 4_, 
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O 
u 
0 
Total, 
radiu: 
0 " «5 
U (U 
< 
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G O 
G 0 
£ 0 
r" 1 c/3 
cfl 
C S3 
0 0 
U*! 
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0 
•2 u 
S3 d) 
t—t 01 
s- 1 
(U-O 
S2 rt 
Wii 
bo ^ 
G > <13 
q; (D 
i-l "3 
6 6 
4 
17 6 
27 6 
.4 
2 
137.5 
34.4 
291.1 
.35 
2 
157. 
39.2 
382.3 
.3 
2 
183.3 
45.8 
519.4 
6 6 
4 
16 6 
25 11 
.4 
2 
129.6 
32.4 
259.2 
.35 
2 
148.1 
37.0 
340.6 
.3 
2 
172.6 
43.4 
462.5 
8 6 
5 
20 6 
32 3 
.4 
2 
161.7 
40.4 
404. 
.35 
2 
184.8 
46.2 
526.7 
.. . 
.. . 
.3 
2 
212.3 
53.1 
700.2 
HE 
first 
three 
lines in 
the 
tabulation 
r 
represent a man about six feet in 
height, using three rates of speed. 
gives him about 6 feet 6 inches above his 
right hand as it goes over his head at a 
height of about 7 feet from the ground. 
He is assumed to drop his lead 4 feet from 
the tip of the rod. 
It will be seen that when he consumes .4 
second in the delivery of the cast, his lead 
attains a speed of 137-5 feet per second. 
If he can speed up so as to accomplish 
the swing in .05 of a second less time, or 
.35 second, he gains 19.5 feet in velocity, 
while if he does it in .3 second, the velocity 
has increased nearly 46 feet over the first 
figure. 
The second three lines go to illustrate 
the handicap under which the short man 
works as compared with the tall man, 
strength being equal. He is about 6 per 
cent, short of the tall man all along the 
line. Six per cent, in a 380 foot cast means 
over 22 feet. His chance lies either in 
speeding up his delivery or dropping an 
extra foot of line off, and making it 5 feet 
instead of 4. But the tall man can do the 
latter easier than the short man. 
The last three lines illustrate conditions 
which would exist if the tournament rules 
were amended to remove all restrictions 
upon the length of rod, and the tall man 
came around with a rod of 11 feet over 
all. It is added more for its value as an 
illuminating illustration than as a possibil¬ 
ity, for it is very doubtful in the writer’s 
mind whether the frail lines used in reach¬ 
ing for the 400 foot mark would withstand 
the “pull” necessary to get up the higher 
initial velocities within the brief time space. 
I F the gentle reader has had patience to 
follow along to this point without reach¬ 
ing for his rod butt to annihilate the 
scribe, we will just pause awhile and ex¬ 
amine the last column away over on the 
right. The length of the first cast as it 
works out is 291.1 feet. 
Many a man has done this and therefore 
the hypothetical elements over to the left 
of it cannot be very far wrong, can they? 
The same is true of the 382.3 foot cast 
in the next line. But when we come to the 
third cast of 519.4 feet no fellow has ever 
done- it and held his lead! 
Why not? Well, principally because no 
fellow has had “speed” enough to get the 
cast over in three-tenths of a second. 
Come along back to the second series of 
three casts. These illustrate the short man’s 
handicap. He is only able to get his fist 
up 6 feet above the ground as it goes over. 
Speed for speed he is respectively 32 and 
42 feet behind the achievements of the tall 
man. I was once unkind enough to tell a 
short man that his chances for breaking the 
record were small. He promised to “show 
me,” but I’m waiting yet. 
And now comes the tall man and the 
long rod in the last three casts. It will be 
noted that the initial velocity of 161.7 feet 
gives 404 feet in distance. The second cast 
in the first series shows a distance of 382.3 
feet, which is about 10 feet short of the 
1916 record made by Mr. Davis. 
So his velocity must have been between 
157 and 161.7 feet per second—probably 
about 159 feet. The 382.3 foot cast needs 
but one one-hundredth of a second clipped 
from its time of delivery, or a swing made 
in .34 second, to reach a velocity of 161 
feet per second and so we may judge how 
small a matter will yield the 400 foot cast 
which so many are seeking. 
