Forest and Stream 
Terms, $3 a Year, 10 Cts. a Copy. I NEW YORK, SATURDAY, APRIL 1 8 , 1908 . 
Six Months, $1.50. ’ 
VOL. LXX.—No. 16. 
No. 127 Franklin St., New York, 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL. 
Copyright, 1908, by Forest and Stream Publishing Co. 
George Bird Grinnell, President, 
Charles B. Reynolds, Secretary. 
Louis Dean Speir, Treasurer. 
127 Franklin Street, New York. 
THE OBJECT OF THIS JOURNAL 
will be to studiously promote a healthful interest 
in outdoor recreation, and to cultivate a refined 
taste for natural objects. 
—Forest and Stream, Aug. 14, 1873. 
NOTICE OF REMOVAL. « 
On and after the first of May next the address 
of the Forest and Stream Publishing Company 
will be 127 Franklin street, New York city. 
The business offices and editorial rooms will 
be removed to the new address during the latter 
part of the present month, and on May day 
Forest and Stream will be in larger quarters 
than those occupied during the past twelve years 
in the New York Life building. 
NEW JERSEY GAME LAW. 
The New Jersey game bill introduced by 
Senator Colgate has been passed by the Legis¬ 
lature, and in due course was signed by 
Governor Fort. 
It divides the State into two game districts, 
of which the northernmost contains Passaic, 
Sussex, Morris, Warren, Essex, Hunterdon, 
Somerset, Union, Hudson and Bergen counties, 
while the southern section contains the rest of 
the State. In the northern section, woodcock, 
partridge, quail, pheasants, prairie chicken and 
wild turkeys may be shot between October 15 
and December 1. In the remaining counties the 
season opens November 1 and closes December 
25. In the northern section wildfowl may be 
killed between October 15 and January 1, while 
in the southern section the dates are November 
1 to March 15. 
In so far as the bill abolishes the summer 
shooting of woodcock and for a part of the 
State cuts off the spring shooting of wildfowl, 
these bills are a gain. On the other hand, they 
are mere stopgaps, and seem to show that the 
New Jersey Legislature had not the courage to 
tackle the game question broadly and boldly and 
put itself on record as in favor either of reason¬ 
able game protection, or of no game protection 
at all. The bill straddles the question. 
The experiment of dividing the State into two 
parts is likely to prove a failure now, as it did 
when it was tried about fifteen years ago, with 
the result that in the central part of the State, 
anywhere near the border line, gunners were 
afield from the time of opening in the northern 
section to the time of closing in the southern 
section. A similar state of things may be looked 
for now. 
As has been pointed out by a number of New 
Jersey papers, it seems an absurdity to have 
running through the middle of the State a 
crooked imaginary line on one side of which 
the law permits one thing, while on the other it 
forbids that very same thing. 
The form taken by this bill seems a concession 
to the gunners of South Jersey who desire to 
continue spring shooting. 
THE MIND OF LOWER ANIMALS. 
In the attempt to analyze and classify the dif¬ 
ferent phases of the human mind, the most pro¬ 
found psychologists disagree on many funda¬ 
mental points. Volumes have been written on 
the mind and its workings, and of these the most 
conspicuous features have been the multiplicity 
of obscure terms and abstractions and of diverse 
views, all leading into mazes of uncertainty. 
Man has certain analytical powers of mind con¬ 
cerning things of the objective world, but he 
seems incapable of any sound analysis of his 
own mentality on an extensive scale. Yet the 
workings of the brain are no more mysterious 
than are the workings of the heart and lungs, 
and other important organs. When one asks 
the why and the whence, the quest comes too 
near the problem of life itself to be grasped by 
the finite mind. 
When men disagree so radically in important 
matters concerning their own mind, its sub¬ 
divisions and its powers, it is not at all strange 
that there should be many more points of dis¬ 
agreement on the question as to whether the 
lower animals have reasoning powers, or indeed 
whether they have any mind at all. A peculiar 
feature of any discussion of this kind is that the 
most fragmentary data are invoked to justify the 
broadest conclusions. For instance, a dog is 
cited as attempting to do a certain simple act, 
and his failure to accomplish the act is of¬ 
fered as evidence of the absence of reasoning 
powers. As a matter of fact, the dog in ques¬ 
tion might have been a simpleton among dogs 
and therefore an unfair representative of his 
kind in a display of intelligence; or he might be 
too intelligent to persist in a purpose which had 
no useful end even if accomplished. It might 
be contended in the case of the Scotch terrier 
puppies, referred to by our correspondents, and 
described in “The Introduction to Comparative 
Psychology,” by C. Lloyd Morgan, that the fact 
that the puppies even attempted to carry the cane 
through the gate instead of between the slats of 
the fence, was an exhibition of reasoning power. 
Unfortunately, however, for the citation in ques¬ 
tion, one of the puppies succeeded in adjusting 
the cane to the circumstances of the problem and 
carried it through the gate. Unfortunately 
further for the reference to the work in ques¬ 
tion, Mr. Morgan cites many incidents as acts of 
true intelligence on the part of dogs. 
Many of the greatest naturalists and philoso¬ 
phers concede reasoning powers to the lower 
animals, alike in kind, but much lower in degree 
than that of man. 
One great source of weakness in arguing 
against reasoning ability in the lower animals 
is that the educated man takes his highly edu¬ 
cated circle of acquaintances as the standard of 
intelligence instead of considering all mankind 
in comparison with all the lower animals, on the 
point in question. There are races and tribes 
of men who rank but little higher in the scale 
of intelligent life than the lower animals. 
However, discussions on the subject of instinct 
and reason have had place many times in the 
columns of Forest and Stream, notably in 1903, 
when unusual scope and space were given to the 
disputants. The discussion settled nothing. 
We have noted, with some regret, that the 
trend of the discussion is alike in its periodical 
recurrence. When permitted to fully develop, 
contrary opinion multiplies and the divergence in 
the positions pro and con widens. As new dis¬ 
putants participate, the ground gradually shifts 
from the purely philosophical, knowable and em¬ 
pirical, to the sentimental, the speculative and 
the spiritual. Of course, none of the latter are 
published, as they cannot be considered as a 
subject of natural history. However, up to a 
certain point, which may properly be considered 
as pertaining to natural history, such discussions 
are both interesting and instructive. Outside 
these limitations there seems to be no common 
ground. There are no land marks, in the realm 
of the sentimental and the speculative, but jt is 
a field where the imagination thrives best. 
The new forest, fish and game bill has been 
acted on favorably by both the Senate and the 
Assembly of the New York Legislature, and 
was signed by Governor Hughes on April 
14. It takes effect at once. Of immediate in¬ 
terest is Section 106, which makes the open sea¬ 
son for trout in the counties of Clinton, Essex, 
Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Lewis, 
Saratoga, St. Lawrence, Warren and Washing¬ 
ton May i-Aug. 31, both inclusive; in Allegany. 
Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chenango, Cortland, 
Delaware, Livingston and Wyoming counties, 
April 16-July 15, both inclusive; in the Genesee 
River in Allegany county, and in all other coun¬ 
ties not mentioned above, April 16-Aug. 31 are 
the dates. The length limit is six inches, and 
the time is from daylight until dark only. 
Our cover picture this week shows the char¬ 
acter of the waterways of the extreme North¬ 
west, and the possibilities for canoeing and small 
boating there. Cruising to and from the very 
numerous fishing and shooting grounds has be¬ 
come so popular in and about Seattle, Portland 
and other cities that the supply of new craft 
has been far below the demand of the past year 
