RERAMIC STUDIO 
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Sechee, drying; Montre fusible, cone; Monlre a tirer, trial piece; Regislre, chimney 
damper; Alandier, fire mouth; Cavalier, stopper of fire mouth, marked by dash at bottom 
of fire mouth figure; Defournement, drawing of the kiln; En tele, on top; .'I?; milieu, in the 
middle; En pied, at the foot; Pelard, young oak; Boiileau. birch; Stere. French measure for 
wood, equal to about \ cord. 
Kedueing firing in 23 hours, 30 minutes. — Fine reduction up to the fall of cone 06, per- 
fectly oxidising firing afterwards and to the end. Stoppers of fire mouths open, but in 
place, to the end, not cemented with lute, so as to let the air go through. Dotted line.5 
on cones 9 and 10 show their position when the firing was stopped, full lines their position as 
found when the kiln was opened. This firing is a typical reducing firing. Chimney's 
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damper closed but opening gradually up to cone 06; afterwards entirely open. Fire 
mouths open at first, then closed i up to the fall of 06 (Damper and fire mouths are divided 
in three parts marked by notches; sometimes the opening or closing from one notch to the 
next is too much, according to the weather which may or may not be favorable to the draft: 
in this case the damper or the fire mouth plaques are placed between two notches; this is 
left to the judgment of the firer.) After the f,all of 06, the reduction had to be avoided, the 
fire mouth was closed half, then two thirds, up to the end, in order to obtain a completely 
oxidising firing— Ver% fine results, 26 good pieces out of 32. A few biscuit pieces blistered, 
a little too much firing. No. 10 having bent forward so that I did not notice it. Pates sur 
piites very fine. Reds a little smoky but very fine. In the morning weather was cloudy 
and_stormy until noon; in the afternoon weather very hot. 
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Oxidising firing m 28 hours.— Neutral firing until fall of cone 013. including the drying 
period, 3 hours, the active period, 3 hours, the demi-grand feu. 4 hours. .After the fall of 
cone 013, oxidising firing for the grand feu period lasting IS hours. Stoppers of fire mouths 
open during the neutral firing, closed and cemented with mortar at the fall of cone 013 
Fire mouths open at first, partly closed at the fall of cone 013, this closing gradually in- 
creasing until at 10:20 o'clock it reached its maximum, before the fall of cone 1. Chimney 
damper partly closed at first, opening at fall of cone 013 and after until the maximum was 
reached at 10:40 o'clock. Before cone 013 either neutral or reducing action will have no 
influence as the fusion of the glaze begins only at that cone. But after cone 013 it is neces- 
sary to pass to oxidising firing, however slow. One of my more recent oxidising firings has 
lasted only 25 hours. It will be noticed that in my early coal firings the change of atmos- 
phere was not well established. The two wood firings are types from which, as a principle, 
one should not depart. After a few tj-ials the firer will be able to have his kiln well in hand. 
Some very fine pieces in this firing, 19, three of which large, out of 36. A retired large 
plaque broken (when there are many refired pieces in the kiln the drying should last 5 
hours.) The air drafts have worked well, yellows and pinks very fine. Strong wind all day, 
fine rain in the evening, after midnight, clear, cool weather, very active draft. One stere 
oak and 4 steres split wood used. 
