THE CRAFTS 
Under the management of Miss Emily Peacock, 2j2 East 2jth Street, New York. All inquiries in regard to the various 
Crafts are to be sent to the above address, but will be answered in the magazine under this head. 
All questions musl be received before the 10th day of month preceding issue, and will be answered under "Answers to Inquiries'" only. Please do not send 
stamped envelope for reply. The editors will answer questions only in these columns. 
PRACTICAL BOOKBINDING 
Mertice Mac Crea Buck 
(continued) 
EVERY book has what are called "end-papers," some- 
times known as fly leaves, in this case made of charcoal 
paper like the sheets, and always as nearly like the printed 
paper as possible. The best end-papers are those made 
with a hinge joint, or zigzag sheet (Illus. No. 5,) to allow 
the book to open freely and must be made as neatly as 
possible, as a great deal depends upon their accuracy. 
In making them take a sheet and divide it into four 
equal parts with a large try square by making lines crossing 
at right angles in the center. Mark these four corners x 
and cut along the line with a sharp knife on card-board or 
glass. Fold each of these pieces very carefully so that 
the corner marked x meets the other corner and the edges 
exactly coincide. Rub this fold with the bone-folder, open 
it out and measure one quarter of an inch from the fold 
on the right hand side top and bottom, turn this back over 
to the left and rub it down. Open it out and on the other 
side of the central fold mark points one-fourth of an inch 
less thickness of paper. Crease as before and open out. 
Cut a piece of strong thin paper, (linen bond does very well) 
the size of the folded sheet, this is called the tip, and paste 
carefully on to the wider of the two folds. Fold it over 
and rub down. 
A word ought, perhaps, to be said in regard to the 
pasting. The paste should be made of flour, wet with cold 
SE»cl pap. 
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water and then rubbed through a sieve to get out the lumps. 
A half cup of flour makes a good amount, with about four 
cups of boiling water poured on. It must boil until well 
cooked, and if necessary strained again to ensure perfect 
smoothness. If it is not to be used at once a bit of alum 
should be disolved in it to make it keep. For very thin paper, 
6"//o^5 r^r~c/ a 
Pre. pa n Tt 
-'%■ 
73. Pressing . ,x = had of , hook:. 
71 s^ with, /r'f squn-i-cL- yeffia/ ; fy of 
hazar-e. S <- 1~ a w 1 77 g up. p7-ess- 
and especially for mending holes in the paper, half starch 
and half flour ' should be used. The paste must be put 
on with a small brush, in pasting the tip on an end paper, 
the space to be covered being outlined by a clean piece of 
paper, which should at once be crumpled and thrown away. 
This leaves paste exactly where is it wanted, and the tip 
being put in, another clean piece of paper should be laid 
over and rubbed down. Great daintiness must be observed 
in all pasting, as wet paper shows every finger mark. The 
end-papers must be laid between clean papers and pressed 
under a lithographic stone till dry. They may then be 
taken out, the two extra sheets slipped in, and the papers 
laid in position, tip out, at each end of the book (Illus. 
No. 6.) 
- If desired the edges may be cut by hand, the top or 
head being cut, section by section, with a sharp knife along 
the edge of a try-square at right angles to the back. If 
the edges are to be gilded this is a good plan. If the head 
is straight the gilder can cut the other edges by machine. 
The edges gilded before the book is sewn make what is 
called a "rough gilt" appearance when the book is done. 
The top being cut and the end papers put in place, 
tip out, the book should be put in press. It must be 
knocked up very carefully, i.e. held between the two 
palms, exactly vertical, "head" (or top) down, and tapped 
gently on a horizontal surface. The back must also be 
knocked up in the same way. , The book must be held 
with great care after being knocked up, and laid on a board 
without altering the position, for if a single section slips in, 
in putting the work in press, the correct position can never 
a 
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