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Effect of hard wadding that fits the barrel loosely. Unchecked by friction 
or muzzle choke it is blown through the shot cluster scattering the shot 
charge. Actual test target 221 pellets 
Effect of weak wadding torn to shreds by the gas blast. The separate 
pieces are blown into the shot cluster scattering the pellets in all directions. 
With no resistance to the explosion, the pressure is low and penetration 
poor. Actual test target 178 pellets 
in the gas blast all the way to the muzzle, where it is checked by the con¬ 
striction. Shot cluster travelson ahead unbroken. Actual test target320pellets 
Effect of wadding construction on shot patterns 
Poor wadding responsible for more faulty patterns and 
lost birds than all other gun and shell troubles combined 
A strong uniform shot pattern depends upon how perfectly the 
’wadding in your shells controls the five ton gas blast behind it. 
The wadding, like the piston head of a gas engine, must 
give the explosion something sofid to work against so that the 
shot may be pushed out evenly. 
It must expand and fill the tube of the barrel, completely seal¬ 
ing in the gas behind it. No gas must escape to scatter the shot. 
It must offer just the right amount of resistance to the ex¬ 
plosion so a* to develop high pressure without danger of 
jamming the pellets out of shape at the muzzle constriction. 
The illustrations at the top of this page show actual test 
patterns, 50 % to 70 % faulty, the result of poor wadding. 
The Winchester system 
Winchester Wadding is the result of repeated experiments 
to determine the most efficient control of the gas blast. 
The patented cup construction Of the Base wad gives what 
is known as Progressive Combustion to the powder charge. 
Combustion spreads instantly down the cups. By the time 
the top grains of powder become ignited the full energy of 
the burning powder behind is at work. Though the explosion 
is practically instantaneous, it is none the less Progressive, the 
maximum energy or velocity of the completely burned powder 
being developed at the muzzle where it is most needed. 
Meanwhile, under the heat of combustion, the tough, springy. 
Driving Wad has expanded to fill the barrel "snugly all 
around. No gas escapes. It is completely sealed in. The 
wadding pushes up the shot evenly. 
At the muzzle the shot pellets slip out without jamming while 
the wadding is checked for a brief interval by the constriction 
of the muzzle. It follows some distance behind the shot pattern. 
The shot cluster travels on unbroken by gas blast or wad¬ 
ding and makes the hard hitting, uniform pattern for which 
Winchester shot shells are world famous. 
Uniform Shells From primer to crimp, Winchester shells 
are constructed to insure the maximum pattern possible from 
any load and under all conditions. $100,000 is spent annually 
in the inspection and testing of finished shot shells. 25,000,000 
rounds of ammunition are fired every year in testing guns and 
ammunition. 
Fish Tail Flash All Winchester smokeless shells are made 
with the new Winchester Primer — the quickest and most 
powerful shot shell primer made. Its broad fish tail flash gives 
even and thorough ignition. Every grain of powder is com¬ 
pletely burned up before the shot charge leaves the muzzle. 
The Crimp The required degree of pressure necessary 
in seating the driving wads is worked out in combination with 
the hardness or the softness of the crimping required for any 
particular shell, the firmness of the crimping varying according 
to the powder and shot charge used. 
Water-proofing and lubrication 
In the cold damp air of the marshes or under the blazing 
sun at the traps, Winchester shells will always play true. 
Winchester waterproofing process prevents them from swelling 
from dampness. Special lubrication of the paper fibres prevents 
brittleness and “splitting off’’ in hot weather. 
Glean hits and more of them 
To insure more hits and cleaner hits in the field or at the 
traps be sure your shells are Winchester Leader and Repeater 
for Smokeless; Nublack and New Rival for Black Powder. 
Write for our Free Booklet on Shells. Winchester Re¬ 
peating Arms Co., Dept. 1621 New Haven, Conn. 
WINCHESTER 
World Standard Guns and Ammunition 
