June, 1918 
FOREST AND STREAM 
369 
THE YELLOWSTONE 
ELK 
(continued from page 337 ) 
rate from starvation is small; in some years 
it is large. The ranchers, of course, are 
glad of a market for their hay. 
In the spring, the elk more or less starved, 
turn about from these points where they 
have been held, and make their way back 
into the mountains of the Park. There the 
cows have their calves, and the next year, 
the elk herds augmented by these calves, 
come back again and starve again. So 
they move backward and forward with the 
seasons, calves being produced each year, 
probably in excess of the total of those that 
starve and those that are killed by hunters 
of whatever sort. Starvation and the rifle 
probably do not carry off each year a num¬ 
ber equal to those born. In other words, the 
elk in the Park tend constantly to increase, 
but the winter food constantly tends to de¬ 
crease. 
Some years ago, largely through the in¬ 
fluence of Hon. Frank Mondell, the State 
of Wyoming made a game reserve of the 
portion of the Teton forest reserve lying 
about the head of the Yellowstone River 
and of Buffalo Fork and other tributaries 
of Snake River. This game reserve was 
lately thrown open to the rifle, and no doubt 
many elk were killed in it. It has been said 
within a year that it was the best hunting 
ground in the state and this may well be 
true. This game preserve in the Teton 
forest reserve, however, possesses no inter¬ 
est whatever so far as winter range is con¬ 
cerned. It is high country and is deserted 
by the elk in the fall, probably not later 
than early September, except when the au¬ 
tumn sets in late. 
It is clear that the domestic sheep should 
be removed from every foot of the forest 
reserves near the Park, but these forest 
reserves near the Park are summer range. 
Very little—practically none—constitutes 
winter range for elk. What these elk need 
is winter range, and this they must have 
if they are to survive. I do not imagine 
that anybody knows where this winter range 
may be had. If the elk do not have winter 
range they must be fed or else must starve 
to death. If they are fed, their numbers 
will continually be increasing and a greater 
number will tend to starve to death. If 
they increase sufficiently, perhaps they will 
devour all the summer feed in the Park 
and then will starve to death during the 
summer and in the Park, instead of as now, 
during winter and outside of the Park. 
| Where can be found some winter range 
[for elk, which can be reserved for elk? 
[Can Mr. Hough or anyone else answer? 
The gentlemen who, in discussing these 
losses, say “something ought to be done,” 
jive us little help. To say that the Biologi¬ 
cal Survey ought to be abolished, or to say 
hat the Forest Service should be abol- 
shed, or its personnel materially changed, 
tetrays ignorance of the methods of carry- 
ng on the work of Government Depart¬ 
ments. These Government officials, what¬ 
ever their title, are bound hard and fast by 
aws, rules, regulations and precedents, the 
rowth of many years, from which they 
hemselves cannot get away. Their ex- 
enditures are strictly limited and the items 
or which money shall be spent and the 
mount to be spent for each items are usu- 
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