July, 1918 
439 
FOREST AND S T R E 
THE STONE FIREPLACE IN CAMP 
(continued from page 421) 
A M 
F OUR parts of sand to one of cement is 
strong enough if the cement is what it 
should be, but if there are any misgiv¬ 
ings on this point it should be made a little 
stronger. The sand must be perfectly dry, 
as the best part of the mixing is done be¬ 
fore any water is added. The way to en¬ 
sure a homogeneous mixture is to turn the 
pile over a number of times with a shovel. 
First measure out the sand on the corner 
of the board, then add the cement. Now 
transfer the heap to another part of the 
board by lifting each shovelful 
completely clear of the board and 
turning it bottom up in the new 
position. When all has been 
transferred in this way, repeat 
the process to another part of 
the board and back again, making 
three complete mixings. Then 
scoop out a hollow in the centre 
of the bulk almost down to the 
board and throw in enough water 
to make a good stiff consistency, 
chop it with the shovel, stir, turn 
and mix until it is the same con¬ 
sistency all the way through. Add 
as much water as you can with¬ 
out making the mortar too thin 
to hold to the trowel. You must 
mix cement mortar in small 
quantities for it sets rapidly 
and cannot be guaranteed _ _ 
after it has stood longer ( jl__ 
than three-quarters of an h 
hour. For this reason V ■ 
it is necessary to ar 
range a tier of 
stones, each in its 
proper place be¬ 
forehand, and lift 
them off careful- 
y opposite 
t , h e ^ a< " e Exfjhple 
they are to apcaaU 
go. When ^ra/iyr/ncs 
the mortar 
is ready, each stone 
is bedded in position. 
No matter whether 
it is brick, stone or 
wood, whatever 
comes in contact with 
mortar must be thor¬ 
oughly moistened im- 
nediately before con- 
:act occurs. This is 
:specially necessary 
vith brick, but even 
he flintiest stone in 
he hot season of the 
SCZfTL-E. - /z mch — / foot 
ear will literally swallow moisture, and if 
. has not been saturated before hand it 
nil instantly take the moisture from the 
lortar and leave it crumbly and useless be- 
ore it has had time to set. 
The construction of the hearth is a sim- 
le matter. In putting in the foundation, 
o not build over the part on which the 
earth and fireplace rest, higher than with- 
1 6 to 12 inches of the top surface of the 
ior. After the chimney is completed and 
ere are no more pieces of broken stone 
id mortar to fall from above, you can 
oceed to put in the hearth. You can 
ther have a concrete hearth or a combi¬ 
nation of concrete and stone. Mine is of 
the latter type. I secured a number of 
stones not thicker than the depth of the 
space left unfilled and each with one even 
surface. I placed them in position so that 
the smooth side came exactly on a level 
where the floor was to come, propping 
them up with pieces of broken stone and 
leaving joints of one to two inches open 
between them, using them right to the back 
of the fireplace. I then mixed sand and 
cement in the proportions of three of sand 
to one of cement until it 
was thin enough to pour, 
and poured it down the 
joints until all the inter¬ 
stices were filled to with¬ 
in one-half inch of the 
top. In this half inch I 
poured neat 
d cement also 
mixed thin. 
3 The whole 
surface was 
then smoothed off with 
the trowel. After it had 
set, the loose particles of 
cement were scraped off 
the stones, leaving each 
stone in the natural ap¬ 
pearance, blending 
nicely with the ce¬ 
ment joints. One 
cannot empha¬ 
size too 
strongly the 
advantage of 
having the 
surface o f 
the floor, 
t h e hearth, 
and the bot¬ 
tom of the 
fireplace on 
exactly the 
same level. 
In brushing 
back chance 
sparks and 
embers o r 
any accumu¬ 
lation of dust, 
pipe ashes, 
bits of moss, 
leaves, etc., 
the ease with 
which it is 
done is a joy. 
In offering 
this descrip¬ 
tion I wish it 
attempt has been 
JCDCZD 
Dczmn 
understood that no 
made to assume the office of an archi¬ 
tect or builder. My object has been to 
show that any layman can build a fire¬ 
place that will be safe, will not be an eye¬ 
sore, and will give all the comfort of a 
much more expensive structure. 
Do not be alarmed if it looks like a big 
undertaking. Don your overalls and an 
old shirt, dig out your last year’s hat and 
two or three pairs of old gloves and go to 
it. You will be surprised how well you 
will get along, and how much you will en¬ 
joy it. When it is done you wouldn’t ex¬ 
change it for the finest mantel in the land. 
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