>ruary, 1923 
; paler than that of other known 
.is, and has the markings very much 
pronounced. 
he animal ranges from North Corea 
the mouth of the Amur River west- 
d throughout the forested areas of 
ichuria to Turkestan, occurring in 
e of the higher and more forested 
ntains of North China. It appears 
e fairly common in the high moun- 
s of Western Shansi, running up to 
.90 ft., and specimens are from time 
( time killed or reported by native 
i ters. 
he pelt of this tiger is of considerable 
' 
t. ^ $+**''* ./j , 
| 
, y i 
leopard occurs, and has been given a 
distinct name, Felis pardus orientalis. 
Though always present in forested 
areas in North China, the leopard occurs 
in almost any of the mountainous and 
hilly regions, even where vegetation is 
scarce. It roams the country over a 
wide circuit of as much as 40 or 50 
miles, feeding upon game and raiding, 
often with extraordinary daring and 
cunning, the sheep pens of the local 
villages. It wages a constant warfare 
against village dogs, of whose flesh it 
appears particularly fond, and it is 
usually over the carcas of a dog that 
the local hunters manage to kill this 
formidable pest. It will 
stay gorging itself upon 
the flesh of its canine 
victim within a few hun¬ 
dred yards of the village 
where it made its kill 
till late in the day. The 
natives say that a leop¬ 
ard gorged on dog-flesh 
appears to be intoxi¬ 
cated, swaying and stag¬ 
gering as it leaves its 
meal. 
As with the woolly 
•&> ■ 
.••Jssr* 
d boar, shot in North China 
by Dr. P. H. Atwood 
I 
r ye, while the Chinese 
Ijsem its flesh, blood, and 
i es—especially the last—as 
(Very great medicinal value. 
>und tiger-bone is sold at 
much as its weight in sil- 
, and is believed to make 
weak and ailing strong and 
lthy. 
is with this northern repre- 
tative of the tigers, so with 
northern leopards: they 
i provided with long, soft, 
k coats, very different 
n the pelts of the Indian and African 
iards. The North China leopard was 
I led Felis pardus fontanicri by Milne- 
I vards, and it ranges from the Yang- 
basin and Tibetan border through- 
the whole of North China into West- 
Manchuria. It is of a fine yellow- 
i color above, darkest on the lower 
<, the lips, cheeks, throat, foreneck, 
5t, under parts, inner surface of the 
, and distal half of the tail being 
te, the whole, except the distal half 
:’ne tail which is ringed, being cov- 
II with black spots or rosets. These 
k markings are not so numerous or 
ely set as in the Indian and African 
:ies. 
( >ur species is replaced in the Amur 
ion by Bonhote’s Felis pardus villosa, 
luch paler form that was long con- 
id with the pale snow leopard (Felis 
ia, L.) of the Central Asian high- 
" Is. Whether the latter occurs actu- 
in Chinese territory is not certain, 
ugh skins, apparently from Tibet, are 
1 in the Chinese fur market. In 
ea a somewhat darker form of true 
■ 40 ** *< 
if 
. 
4 : 
V'a? "Pp. 
gw * 
min 
A .A 
iP*f^ YWk 
** • J' V 
p-'*- ■ ■ 
53 
(Ursus pruinosus) of the Himalayas, 
and to U. lagomyarius of Northern Tibet 
and Central Asia. All that is known of 
it is that it is not a large animal, and 
has white feet and claws. Heude called 
it Ursus leuconyx, but since this name 
had already been applied to a grizzly¬ 
like species of Western Mongolia, the 
Shensi species was recently renamed U. 
clarki by the present writer. 
In Kansu, on the Tibetan border, 
specimens of a large brown bear with 
whitish shoulder-band have recently been 
secured; and they would seem to be re¬ 
ferable to Ursus lagomyarius, already 
mentioned. The Chinese name for this 
large form is Ma-hsiung, or “horse- 
bear,” and since the name is well known 
amongst the hunters of Shansi and 
Shensi, it would appear that it or a re¬ 
lated species occurred in these provinces 
at no very distant date. Indeed, the 
hunters maintain that such bears still 
exist in the wilder parts, though this is 
doubtful. 
In Northwestern Ssu-chuan, South¬ 
western Kansu, and neighboring Tibet a 
species of black bear is known to occur. 
This is Sclcnarctos muphinensis, Heude, 
and belongs to the group of which the 
Himalayan black bear (S. thibet- 
anus, Cuv.) is the type. Unlike the 
American black bear, these bears 
are characterized by the presence of 
a fine white crescent-shaped band 
across the chest, and usually have 
th.e chin, white. The hair of the. 
neck and cheeks is very long, hang¬ 
ing down like a mane. The soles 
of the front feet have the carpal 
and metacarpal pads coalesced into 
one broad and long pad, instead of 
divided in a broad and short meta- 
Adult stag of West Shansi, shot 
by J. Holmberg 
tiger, two cubs are 
usually born at a 
time, and as soon as 
they are old enough 
accompany the 
mother on her ma¬ 
rauding expeditions. 
"DEARS are by no 
means common 
in North China; in¬ 
deed, they are now 
known to occur only 
in one or two areas. 
A species of black bear that has not up 
to the present , been identified, occurs in 
the mountainous and forested area of 
Northeastern Chihli, not far from Pe¬ 
king, known as the Tung Ling (Eastern 
Tombs), part of the Imperial Hunting 
Grounds already mentioned. 
Another species, belonging to the 
brown bear, or Ursus arctos group has 
been recorded from the Tai Pei Shan, 
part of the great Tsing Ling range in 
Southwest Shensi. This form appears 
to be related to the little blue bear 
Collection of heads of big game made by Capt. T. Holcomb 
and author 
carpal pad and a small round carpal 
pad as in the brown bears, grizzlies, and 
American black bear. 
S. mcbcneilli (Lyd.) has been described 
from further south in Ssu-chuan; 
while the Manchurian representative is 
known as S. ussuricus, Heude, the Japa¬ 
nese as S. japonicus (T. & S.), and the 
Formosan form as S. formosanus (Sw.). 
An unidentified member of the genus 
occurs also in Southeastern China, and 
another in Hainan Island. Thus this 
(Continued on page 76) 
