144 
Forest and Stream 
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BIRD VISITORS FROM 
THE NORTH 
(Continued from page 109) 
pine boughs where it hangs in chickadee 
manner. It is a gossipy bird, feeding 
and talking and prowling to the bough’s 
end, and its musical voice is a pleasant 
thing in the silent, grayish, snow- 
streaked corridors of the forest. The 
sight of merry birds and listening of 
bough-flung song breaks the dull routine 
of many a forest hour. 
Redpoll and Goldfinch 
A SMALL sparrow-like bird who aids 
the farmer and holds down the 
summer weed crop. The great good 
done by the redpoll cannot he reckoned 
in dollars and cents—it is beyond num¬ 
bers. Vast numbers sweep out of the 
polar regions and spread over New Eng¬ 
land. Flocks take possession of open 
country, waste pastures and fields, where 
weeds of all discription tower above the 
snow levels. In rapid flight they settle 
in the shrubbery and border trees, then 
suddenly swoop down to the fields. A 
soft undercurrent of birdy twittering 
essays from the flock, a constant hum 
which is not song and yet is music heard 
as it is in the solitude of the snowy 
waste. No weed head full of seeds es¬ 
capes the plying hill and searching eyes, 
and no lost seeds lay upon the snow as 
the redpolls believe in a clean sweep. 
With their round plump bodies, crimson 
cap, gleam of rosy breast and pinkish 
rump, combined with rapid flight and 
restless movement they form an admir¬ 
able picture of wintry fields. 
I have never been to Carcassonne 
might be compared with I have never 
seen a goldfinch in a New Hampsire 
winter. Many observers have had such 
good fortune. The yellow of summer 
plumage turns to dark with just a sug¬ 
gestion of yellow about the throat, head, 
and back. In habits they have much 
that is pine siskin and something of the 
crossbills, and can be recognized by the 
lack of streakiness of the siskin and the 
red of the crossbill. They are seed eat¬ 
ers, destroyers of harmful weeds. 
The Three-toed Woodpeckers 
A MUCH criticized and condemned 
bird is the woodpecker, and yet 
there are many lovers of the family who 
can see nothing but good in their habits. 
According to biological analysis both are 
right. As the Arctic three-toed and the 
American three-toed only come to us in 
the winter, their place in economic val¬ 
ues cannot be estimated. As the name 
implies, trees are necessary to woodpeck¬ 
ers, and woodpeckers are necessary to 
trees. These northern wanderers are 
shy birds, loving the seclusion of the 
forests, never seen in large flocks, and 
mingling with the resident birds in such 
an unohstructive manner their presence 
is hardly known except to the experi¬ 
enced observer. The yellow crown patch 
identifies them, while one has a black 
hack, the other a white stripe down its 
back’ barred with black. Like many of 
winter’s birds, they prefer the conifer 
trees. They are important to the trees, 
their food consisting largely of the 
larvae of wood-borers, yet they love 
beechnuts and can quite readily be found 
in the vicinity of beech trees if the yield 
has been a good one. Their cry, like 
that of the blue jay or hawk or owl, has 
the very soul of the wilderness in its 
tone—it is the symbol of unmapped 
wilderness, it is in harmony with the 
silence and gloom of the conifers. How 
the blood quickens at the wild scream 
of some bird in the silent woods! 
The Goshawk 
O N powerful pinions a sinister bird 
sweeps down from the Canadian 
wilds to quest the half-wild reaches of 
New England. The flocks of goshawks 
may he compared to the wolves which 
drift to the settlements during hard win¬ 
ters. It is a raider without true cour¬ 
age, sometimes hunting in small flocks 
and other times scattering in order that 
individual birds may range a wide area 
of country. No respector of life, it 
swoops upon anything which it knows 
will not put up any sort of battle. It 
cannot be given the benefit of doubt in 
economic ornithology as the taking of 
ruffed grouse, rabbits, quail, squirrels, 
even barnyard fowl, weigh against it. 
The grouse has no show in escaping, 
as the short wings and long tail com¬ 
bined with great speed of the hawk make 
the bird an easy victim. Squirrels are 
snatched off the ground and picked out 
of the trees, hares and rabbits in their 
greatest spurts of speed are caught eas¬ 
ily, covies of quail huddling in the lee¬ 
ward of corn shocks and wheat stubble 
are wiped out, while poultry of barn¬ 
yards fall innocent victims to a sudden 
ruffle of wings and clutch of sharp 
talons. As a raider, marauder, the gos¬ 
hawk is peer among all the winter hun¬ 
ters in sheer savagery, and the very 
boldness of some of its exploits give it 
a tinge of romance and adventure. It 
is terror out of the cold North, the fierce 
unrelentless terror which we associate 
with the awe and glory and silence of 
long winters. 
. Rough-legged Hawk 
T HE rough-legged is a large, heavily- 
built bird sometimes seen by close 
observers, but so irregular is its appear¬ 
ance it is little known. It haunts thir 
woods, pastures and meadows where 
voles and mice are abundant. A gooc 
flier, yet sluggish in flight, it has few 
had qualities amd its presence means ; 
plenty of good for agricultural inter 
ests. 
Gre/t Gray and Snowy Owl 
O LD as hills and history, owls have ; 
fascination for many people. The; 
are birds of mystery, superstition, an< 
fable, of song and story, and the findinj 
of a gray owl is a red-letter day in th 
calendar of the tramper. The gray ow 
is not common to New Hampshire, an< 
being a nocturnal bird it is rarely noted 
Hares, rabbits, and rodents are its pre> 
In a rabbit year look for the big whit' 
owls. In the back-country the old folk 
In ■writing to Advertisers mention Forest and Stream. It will identify you. 
