NATURAL HISTORY 
(Continued from page 241) 
capsule-like puparium a great change 
takes place—the pupa resting inside of 
the oval case develops into a bird-fly. 
i As soon as this newly-formed fly is 
strong enough it will force open a lid 
; at one end of the case and makes its 
/escape. These flies are very active and 
run nimbly forward and sidewise among 
hair or feathers, the winged ones flying 
away when disturbed. 
One of our large species of American 
bird-flies is Olfcrsia americana (see il¬ 
lustration), which is about one-third of 
an inch long. It is commonly found 
on owls and hawks, and on the common 
ruffed grouse. 
Many other birds are infested by va¬ 
rious species of bird-flies, among them 
being the herons, jays, bluebird, bobo¬ 
link, thrush, robin, junco, crossbill, cat¬ 
bird, sparrow, woodpeckers, grossbeak, 
ravens, partridge, peacock, skylark, bit¬ 
tern, chuck-wills-widow, osprey, bald 
eagle loon, cormorant, man-of-war bird, 
gannets and black vulture. 
The common wapiti, Cervus amer- 
icanus, is the host of one of these flies, 
commonly called the ‘‘deer-tick.” It is re¬ 
markable that flies of the genus Lipop- 
tena, to which the so-called “deer tick” 
belongs, have wings in the adult stage 
at first, by which means they hunt and 
attach themselves to animals where they 
remain. Having no further use for 
wings they shed them. 
The so-called “sheep tick,” Melo- 
phagus ovinns , is a member of this fam¬ 
ily that is found in all parts of the 
world where sheep are raised. It occurs 
only on sheep and is different from the 
other members of the family in that it 
never possesses wings. 
The horse is also attacked by one of 
these flies commonly called “horse tick;” 
it is better known in the old world. 
The name “tick” should not be ap¬ 
plied to these insects; they are all true 
flies belonging to the Order Diptera. 
A. B. Champlain. 
TACKLE 
THOMAS RODS 
HARDY REELS 
HALFORD LINE 
JEAN ERSKINE FLIES 
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