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KERAMIC STUDIO 
tres outlined in black, growing up from the base, or fleur de lis. For jon- 
quils, use yellow and orange, light and dark green, shading in two or three 
fires to get sufficient depth of color ; for fleur de lis, use violet, ruby, rose and 
blue grey, yellow and orange, light and dark green, two rather heavy coats 
of rose and a medium fire produces a deep blue. 
E. L. V.— In regard to the Pompadour red rubbing off after a hard fire ; 
we think it very likely that you may never have that experience again. Iron 
Reds, such as Red Brown, Carnation, Pompadour Red, etc., have this pecu- 
liarity, that ninety-nine times out of a hundred they will fire all right, then 
suddenly rub off. It may be dampness in the kiln or something on the china, 
we do not know, but very likely you may have perfect success hereafter, if 
not. use a little extra flux. Possibly the color was painted on too thinly to 
hold. 
We gave a dragon design on a vase in the January number. If that is 
not sufficient, we will try to publish another dragon design as soon as we 
have space. 
MRS. E. R. C. — We have given several articles on the use of enamels 
during the last year, you will find them in the back numbers. Enamels are 
being used very widely and are particularly effective for conventional work. 
For general use, Aufsetweis in tubes is by far the most reliable, as it will 
stand repeated firings, this can be tinted any desired shade with tube or pow- 
der colors, add about an eighth of flux. Dusted color needs to be fired first 
unless you wish the enamels to sink into the color somewhat. The enamels 
can be applied over tinting safely for first fire. There are some fine colors in 
soft enamels, but they can be applied with perfect safety only for the last fire. 
S. S. H.-We thank you for the sketches of Dutchman's pipe and would 
be pleased if you made the tobacco jar design with that motif. We will keep 
the sketches to publish with the design when it comes. 
Conventional flowers, or any flower or other subject, applied to china in 
any form except as a panel to be framed as a picture is china decoration. 
We would not say "merely decoration," as it is one of the highest forms of 
applied designs, if rightly thought out. Figures, flowers, landscapes, any 
subject, treated naturally, is china paintimg, but should never be applied to 
anything but a flat surface suitable for framing. Other forms should be 
decorated, the design being in a manner subservient to the form. 
You must not expect judges affairs to know anything about art principles. 
As a rule, they award prizes to the competitors with whom they are ac- 
quainted or who have some kind of influence either personally or through 
friends. Originality of design or treatment would have no effect on them a s 
they do not know hackneyed subjects when they see them. Or like many 
without any art education, they like what " reminds them of something they 
have seen before." The World would stand " stock still " if they had their 
way. 
J. M. McC— Mix your paste and enamel (powder) just the same. First 
use a little Dresden thick oil, enough to mix all through it without making a 
paste, just enough to change the character of it. Then thin with lavender 
oil and rub to a smooth paste. Breath on this mixture three or four times, 
then rub again until the paste stays just where you want it. It should be 
soft enough to smooth itself, and the dots or lines should not have any sharp 
points or edges. If you use enamel in powder use the Aufsetweis two-thirds, 
and best English enamel one-third. 
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