IIERAMIC STUDIO 
'ron under the kiln to prevent the floor from becoming 
over-heated. The directions for setting up a kiln are 
always sent with the kiln and are always explicit enough. 
One thing can not be emphasized too strongly and 
that is to be sure to have good drawing qualities in the 
flue, for this aids in heating the pot and also in carrying 
off the fumes from the china. I placed the tank for the 
gasoline outside the kiln room which was easily done by 
the addition of a little more connecting pipe. This takes 
away any possibility of an explosion, but I have never 
heard of an accident in connection with a gasoline kiln. 
The tank is well supported with wooden braces, which 
seems necessary with its weight of gasoline. 
Always make sure that the tank is filled with gasoline 
before firing for it should never be filled during the firing 
after stacking the kiln (some never warm a gasoline kiln 
first), put on the iron lid, then the iron top, then the iron 
hood, the openings in all three should be on aline, for these 
are the peep holes. After the gas is generated the burner 
is lit with a taper and r turned on very low, not too 
low, however, for this may cause the gas to ignite at the 
mixing pipe. Should this occur the gas should be turned 
off and the burner lighted again. After fifteen minutes 
the gas can be turned on full head. When the color 
through the hood shows a white, misty heat the kiln 
should be turned off. The time required for firing varies 
from two to three hours, the degree turned on at first in- 
fluencing this. 
It is well not to hurry the first part of the firing es- 
pecially if there should be large pieces in the kiln. These 
should heat gradually. 
It is a good plan to let the kiln stand untouched at 
least three hours after the gas is turned off, for this pre- 
vents the china cooling too rapidly and also takes away 
the possibility of injury to the iron pot by too sudden ex- 
posure to the cold air. The inside of the kiln should be 
whitewashed occasionally since this is a special benefit. 
Above all things insist upon good gasoline. Poor 
gasoline is apt to be diluted with water and in consequence 
burns a sickly yellow color instead of a clear blue flame. 
A gasoline kiln should be overhauled yearly to make 
sure the pipes and burner are free from the sticky sub- 
stance that seems to belong to all gasoline stoves. 
If the burner or pipes become clogged a good strong 
head of gas is not possible, and the china will be under- 
fired. 
. I can think of no unsurmountable difficulties con- 
nected with a gasoline kiln and can only repeat what I 
said once before : thoroughly understand your kiln before 
trying to fire it and your firings will prove successes. 
•f # 
LILIES OF THE VALLEY (Page 3) 
Maud E. Hulbert. 
For china. For the leaves use Deep Blue Green, 
Yellow Green, Moss Green, Shading and Brown Greens. 
For the flowers, Brown Grey, Brown Green very thin 
or Grey for Flowers in the shadows. A very light wash 
of Deep Blue Green over the lightest ones, and Lemon 
Yellow over some that are in shadow. 
For water color. New Blue, Crimson Lake, Brown 
Pink (these make a good grey for the flowers), Payne's 
Grey, Sap Green, Hooker's Green No. 2, Olive Green and 
Lemon Yellow. 
PUNCH BOWL AND CUP IN GREY BLUE— SABELLA RANDOLPH 
