I 4 2 
HERAMIC STUDIO 
No. 5 — An interest!] 
; border formed by using material with massed 
groups of flowers. 
the duff off the material makes a fearful lint and this 
work is not suitable to be done in a room where there is a 
carpet. If the color is not too pale, it can be done in the 
garden, but asfl said before, it is very important to take 
great care in seeing that the strips are started exactly the 
same width. If only one person is to do the tearing, 
fasten, the end of the denim to a screw-eye fastened to 
a window or table and then run away with the denim. 
The material must be wound into balls as it is being 
torn, or it will get into knots and become tangled. It is 
important to do this work quickly, as if it lies around the 
material frays too much, and the part that comes off is 
of course only waste. When buying denim it is impor- 
tant to try a piece first, to see if it tears, as one make of 
denim cannot be torn, and when cut, a thread works up 
which completely spoils the effect of the rug. 
AMOUNT OF MATERIAL NEEDED. 
Experience alone teaches us how much material will 
be required for weaving rugs, and it is best therefore to 
weigh every piece of material which is bought, and give 
the number of yards contained in the piece. When it is 
woven the rug can be weighed and the exact amount used 
in the rug ascertained in weight and in the number of 
yards. About 2 J pounds, or from 5 to 7 square yards of 
material will make one yard of weaving. If however, 
the strips are cut the least little bit wider than an inch, 
three or four yards would be wasted in a 3 x 6 rug without 
inproving the appearance of it. 
It is not always possible to obtain materials that 
will hold their color, but there is a great difference in the 
quality of the dyes used in the materials obtainable. Indigo 
blues and turkey reds can be bought in two qualities. 
Those with "oil dyed" written on the package will be found 
to be very much better than the ordinary dyed ones. In 
selecting materials from which to make a variegated rug, 
cretonnes, percales and prints can be utilized, and the 
beauty of these depends not on the design, but on the massing 
of colors. Sometimes a large red cabbage rose and very 
strong green leaves and altogether garish piece of material, 
in the end will weave into a most beautiful rug, the large 
spots of red giving a pleasing variety to it. A very small 
design will naturally only weave up into a broken surface. 
The denims, although not considered fast colors, do not 
fade in patches, so that a rug made of this material softens 
in color, but of course it is advisable when plain mater- 
ials are used, to dye them of absolutely fast dye, and noth- 
ing gives better results than the homemade vegetable 
dyes. It will be found cheaper to get unbleached materials 
for dyeing, than pure white, the white have been bleached, 
thereby deteriorating the fabric, and not improving it for 
dyeing. I would therefore advise unbleached muslins 
and a coarse cheap khaki, from which soldier's uniforms 
are made. This is much cheaper than denim and is often 
heavier, and will take any of the dark colors. Whenever 
the khaki color can be used it would not be necessary to 
redye it, as it is one of the best materials to be obtained for 
rug making, and is more or less fast in color. 
. ' " V: ' l, 
No. 6— A light border on a dark rug is always in good taste. Two rows 
HOW CELLULOID IS MADE 
/~*ELLULOID is a chemical substance made mainly of paper 
^ and crude camphor, to imitate ivory, tortoise shell, 
coral, amber, glass, etc. Considerable secrecy is main- 
tained by the makers of celluloid as to their respective 
methods of manufacture, but apart from dyestuffs and 
acid, it may be said to consist of about equal quantities 
of paper and camphor. The process of its making is not 
a complicated one, although it is one that is highly injur- 
ious to the health of those employed in handling the ingre- 
dients. The workingmen are compelled to wear clothing 
of rubber, and invariably bear traces of the strong action 
of the chemical used, their faces appearing corpselike and 
ghastly. The first operation in the manufacture of celluloid 
is the preparation of the paper, which is composed of cot- 
ton and birch wood. 
