KERAMIC STUDIO 
219 
1> U. 1 I 
Pilgrim bell, pewter, XVI. century (Abbaye du Mont St. Michel. Ed Corroyer.) 
true, well scattered over the country, or had taken refuge 
in monasteries, as already mentioned. Still, if for this 
reason we find few documents, many small facts and local 
details reveal to us the existence of an organized industry, 
which becomes easier to study after these troublous times. 
If the XIV. and XV. centuries have left us few speci- 
mens worth reproducing, such is not the case with the 
XVI. century, which, with its unrivaled production of 
master pieces, has forever ennobled the beautiful metallic 
No. 19 
Ampulla, pewter, XVI. century. Louvre Museum, Paris. 
composition called pewter. We could give an uninter- 
rupted list of charming articles of this period, having 
harmonious proportions, and notable for fine chasing, 
and for well conceived decorative designs. 
All the museums of Europe possess art work in pew- 
ter, those of Nurnberg, Munich and Breslau containing a 
great variety of specimens. Collections are found also 
at South Kensington, in the Cluny Museum, Paris, and 
at the Louvre, where the examples, although few in num- 
ber, are of excellent quality. The Nurnberg Museum 
alone, by the variety of its specimens, could illustrate the 
whole subject of artistic pewter. The last named collec- 
tion is especially remarkable for an abundance of drink- 
ing vessels, pots, tankards, steins, etc.; the production 
of the Nurnberg pewterers of the XV. and XVI. centuries, 
the most prosperous period of the industry, being here 
fully represented, although the quantity of the examples 
quite obscures the quality of a few really fine pieces. 
(to be continued) 
No. IS 
Ciborium, pewter, XIV. century. 
Louvre M 
., Paris. 
No. 20. 
Box for Holy Oils, pewter, XVI. century. Louvre Museum, Paris. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS 
C K. — Ruby is very liable to flake off if painted too thickly or subjected 
to repeated firings. It is almost impossible to remedy flaking as each re- 
peated fire is liable to bring new flakes. The only thing to be done is to re- 
move all flakes with a pen knife and repaint and refire, hoping for favorable 
results. The powdered colors for china are sold by many of our advertisers 
whose names you will find in our advertising columns, they are all good. Di- 
rections for using will be found in the October 1905 Keramic Studio. 
"The color palette and how to use it." 
H. T. — Your inquiry came too late for the December Keramic Studio. 
We have been promised some articles on under glaze painting which will be 
published as soon as received. 
Mrs. R. — In rubbing down old hard paints, use a little more oil of cloves 
than for powder colors, say 2 drops to 6 of Copaiba. When the oil has sep- 
arated from the color, take it out on blotting paper and then mix the 
balance with clove and Copaiba; oil of lavender can be used in place of tur- 
pentine to keep color open longer. 
Plattens are used to place or rest on top of cups bowls, etc., so that 
other pieces may be placed upon them which otherwise might not balance. 
M. M. C. — Unfluxed gold may be used over unfired color which is well 
dried, care must be taken that the gold is not too thin or oily, otherwise it 
will spread. You can not tint with flux or ivory glaze over a painting in 
which the iron reds are used, especially flesh tones in which the tints are 
delicate, the glaze will eat out the reds. A hard fire would probably bring 
an even glaze over the painting and if the flesh tones paled too much they 
could be restored by repainting, while in the case of too much flux or glaze 
it would be next to impossible to restore the reds by repainting. 
A. J. L. — So many shapes of china are illustrated in Keramic Studio 
it is impossible for us to know where they may be obtained. Write to our 
advertisers. 
In following a color treatment where the ornament is light green, also 
the background, the ornament may either be in enamel or a shade lighter 
than ground, with the gold outline it will be distinct enough from the ground. 
We do not keep anything for sale except books on art and Keramics. 
Write to our advertisers for the green bronze mentioned. 
