44 
SEASONABLE HINTS. 
Every year brings its new varieties of 
fruits claiming superiority over the o er 
kinds, and in the localities where they ong- 
inated some of these do sometimes presen 
advantages over others, but when put o 
test in different soilsand climates the greater 
proportion fail entirely. Yet in the progress 
of fruit culture some varieties in each class 
have been originated and established whic 
adapt themselves in a remarkable degree to 
varying and widely differing conditions. The 
number of these is already considerable, and 
their general character is so well understood 
that, while a few years ago almost every 
fruit-grower considered his special list the 
best, there is now a remarkable uniformity 
among the lists recommended for general 
cultivation. 
Fruit Lists .— We have before us half a 
dozen lists recommended by as many promi¬ 
nent fruit-growers and nurserymen; among 
them, P. M. Augur, Chas. A. Green, Hale 
Brothers, J. T. Lovett and others. Their 
choice of varieties best suited for general 
cultivation is so astonishingly alike, as well 
as nearly corresponding with our owm ex¬ 
perience, that the average of all, as given 
below, does not differ much from any of the 
individual lists. 
Strawberries .— Charles Downing, Crescent, 
Cumberland Triumph, Kentucky. For ad¬ 
ditional varieties, Sharpless, Manchester, 
James Vick, Mount Vernon. The chief req¬ 
uisites with whatever list is chosen are rich 
soil, clean culture, and frequent renewal. 
Bed Basjpberries .— Turner, Hansell, Cuth- 
bert. Additional: Montclair, Reliance, 
Superb. 
Black Cax)s. —Souhegan, Mammoth Cluster, 
Gregg. For canning: ShaffeFs Colossal. , 
Yellow Bas 2 )berries. — Caroline, Brinckle’s 
Orange. 
Currants.—Fay’s Prolific, red; White 
Grape, white; Lee’s Prolific, black. 
Goosehm-iC's.—Downing, .Smith, Houghton. 
Blackberries.—Farly Harvest, Kittatinnv 
Taylor. 
Grapcs.-Tho following list, recommended 
by the New Jersey Horticultural Society 
cannot be bettered: ’ 
Worden,Concord,black; Brighton, Jeffer¬ 
son, red; Poeklington, Duche.ss, white 
The following list of tree fruits is giv’cn by 
nectL' 
Pcac7ics.--Early Rivers, Mountain Rose 
forwhite firsh, 
W'^’^ds Late and Reeve’s Favorite- fev 
yellow flesh, Crawford’s Early, and Late, 
Apples.—Early Harvest, Fall Pippin 
venstein, Fameuse, Hubbardston wv. 
Island Greening, Baldwin 
Pcore.—Doyenne d’6t(5, Bem-rn nir i 
Clapp’s Favorite, Bartlett, Sheldon Onon 
daga, Beurre Bose, Beun-; d’AnTou T „ 
™., EocUBSSr"’ 
varieties of highest quality, cannot 
give satisfaction over a larger area thn ^ 
other that could be named.^ “y 
GEAFTISG varieties 
Grafting Verier stock is at 
ofGrapesupon bai^ om-vwe- 
present extensive ^ P,. pjjyiioxera-stricken 
^ards,ands^linoreinth 
regions of Bui-ope. Tli 
been Wg“y®t«w-York market last sea- 
foXretom gi-afted vmes. ^ Any F-o- 
Tkf-.. •« 
.1 ft. ftird Ml »tb» _ 
Sm« of Woom. Tto e.rhe. ■> 
ally considered the best; sometimes, how 
ever, in what is called an early spi'ing. no 
opportimity is given to avail oneself of it. 
Til e Cions should come from healthy, shoi - 
jointed canes of last summer’s gi’owth, those 
of the size of an ordinaiy lead pencil, or little 
larger, preferred. They are best cut in the 
fall, and buried in the gi'ound to keep over 
winter, though good success may be had 
w-ith spring-cut cions. 
■ Sow to G-ru/f.—When the stock (that is, 
the root in the gi'ound) is over half an inch 
in diameter, the ordinai-y “Cleft Graft” is 
best. Remove the soil from around the vine 
to the depth of three or four inches. Select 
a spot w'ith smooth bark, on which the 
wrapping shall be made, and with a fine 
saw cut the vine off horizontally. Then 
proceed as in cleft gi-afting of Apple-trees, 
inserting two cions, each hardng two eyes, 
the lower one being on a plane with the 
top of the stock. Now wrap tightly the stock 
with some strong twine, covering with gi-aft¬ 
ing clay-, composed of one part fresh cow- 
dung and four parts of ordinary tenacious 
clay. The tallow and rosin contained in or¬ 
dinary grafting wax seem to exert an inju¬ 
rious influence on the Grape. Rejilace the 
earth around the gi-aft, so that the upper 
bud of the cion w-ill be level w'ith the soil. 
Shade or lightly mulch the surface of the 
gi-ound. 
In cases where the stock and cion are 
nearly of the same size, the so-called “whip 
graft” is most advantageously used, pro¬ 
ceeding in the same manner as in that of the 
cleft graft after fitting the stock and cion 
together. 
Break off all shoots, starting from the 
stock in order not to rob the cion of sap. 
The buds of the cion frequently remain 
dopant till the last of June or fniddle“ f 
thfP^-oteetion of 
iT.g b2l“’to"a «"6ge-stin-un- 
mg nack to a few eyes the first fall as tlm 
muon between the stock and cion minht 
xr" •« 
_ J- II- Kogeus. 
PUNTING TREES. 
A very largo share of our fi-iiit + 
planted in the spring and m ^ 
consider this season’ bo ter C 
than fall, a sumTnn,.>„ ^ woi'k 
and forced, enables the »'‘ink 
>vithstand the cold hm-rw"^^ to bettor 
I>oar in mind that there are d ’ 
guarded against dm-ing the 
b i-uo summer, as well 
the winter. In fact, I think that th 
are fully as many young trees lost thr 
mismanagement and lack of care 
first spring and summer as are destroyeVv® 
severe winters. ^ u by 
The first mistake is usually made 
setting the trees in the ground, and ^ 
jnany a careful, painstaking person coma-? 
a fatal error frequently in his efforts to i 
the work thoroughly and well. He teas 
that the roots must be set well down in t^ 
gi-ound in order to protect them against 
possible di-ought, or even an ordinary amount 
of dry, hot weather. So he digs a deep hole 
and puts a nice little bed of compost at th ’ 
bottom, for the roots to rest in and feed oj 
The tree is probably set six inches lower i^ 
the ground than it stood in the nursery. All 
that separates the roots from the cold, hard 
subsoil is the little filling of muck or com¬ 
post that has been put in. If the roots are 
not drowned out at once, they feed rapa- 
ciously upon this small but stimulating 
amount of nourishment for the first year 
causing a rank gi-owth of tender shoots that 
are illy fitted to cope with oiu- hard northern 
wfinters. But this is not the worst: the roots 
soon exhaust this fertilizing material, and of 
com-se receive a decided check when they 
endeavor to pierce the surrounding hard- 
pan. The heavy top cannot be sustained, 
and it is almost sure to succumb to the 
drying winds or the frost and sun. 
Another danger resulting from this prac¬ 
tice is that unless the soil is thoroughly 
under-drained, water will settle in these 
holes, and the yoimg trees will be water- 
killed within a few months after setting out. 
Many porous soils have a good natural 
drainage down to the hard-pan, and trees, 
set moderately shallow, would suffer very 
little from the effects of water if the 
groimd were not mider-drained. But when 
the trees are set below this porous smface 
soil into the hard-pan, they are virtually 
below^ water-line, and their destruction is 
only a question of time. 
I am most emyjhatically in favor of shallow 
planting. 'The only objections that I have 
heard made against this method are that the 
ti-ee stands less fii-mly, and that the roots 
are more liable to dry out during the dry, 
hot weather of summer. To the first objec¬ 
tion I would say that it is a very easy matter 
to brace the trees, and that they ought to be 
braced in any case. And, ns to the second 
objection, it is really an argument in favor 
of shallow plantuig, for the planter is then 
obliged to mulch his trees in order to keep 
them from drying out, and thorough mulch¬ 
ing is the only safeguard for young trees. 
It must be kept up continuously, summer 
and winter. 
Set trees shallow, and protect their roots 
until they have had time to establish them¬ 
selves in a manner natural to their new sur¬ 
roundings, and comparatively few trees will 
be lost when the other conditions are at nl 
favorable. W. D. BoYNTON. 
THE CRANBERRY CROP. 
Mr. N. R. French, statistician of tb® 
American Cranberry Growers’ Association) 
reported at the recent annual meeting tha 
the ci'op last year was, in New Engl»n‘i 
.105,000 bushels; Now Jersey, 135,000! 
’Western States, 146,000—a total of 435;- 
000, against 332,000 in 1882, and.40V 
000 in 1881. Good prices have prevailed- 
