1884.] 
AMERICAN GARDEN. 
16S 
NEW SEEDLING T.T.urT ; 
Oui-illustration shows a uatuvai-sizo rouro- 
sentation of a new seedling Lin.e which has 
recently been raised in southern California. 
It IS supposed to be a cross between a Li.ne 
and a Lemon, as it partakes somewhat of the 
charaeteristrcs of each. The fruit is a little 
larger than the ordinary Lime and milder 
flavored. The tree, or bush rather, is higlily 
ornamental in appearance, more so than any, 
of the Citrus tribe, thus making it doubly 
valuable. So far. Lime oiiltiiro has made but 
little progress in California, as the trees are 
more tender than the Orange, but experi¬ 
ments in grafting tliem on the 
latter have shown that they 
become hardier by the oper¬ 
ation. For southern Florida, 
below the frost line. Lime cult¬ 
ure may offer a promising field. 
STOEING APPLES. 
We (the wi-iter does not con¬ 
stitute the whole firm) have 
always kept Apples largely 
'over winter, and not infre¬ 
quently till Apples came again. 
We have been very successful 
in preserving them in good 
condition. Our plan is this : 
We pick the Apples as soon 
as they are ripe in the fall, 
and are always careful to put 
no bruised ones among those 
we intend to keep over winter. 
Some varieties are more easily 
bruised than others and must 
be handled carefully. Apples 
are not-so apt to be bruised in 
picking as in handling after¬ 
ward. As straw in the meas- 
m-es is a source of continual 
annoyance, we tack cloth or a 
couple of thicknesses of leather 
over cotton in the inside of the 
measures, to prevent bruising 
when the fruit is handled. 
As soon as the Apples are 
gathered they are put in heaps 
in the orchard and there left 
till there is danger of their be¬ 
ing fri)zen. The most impor¬ 
tant point in the preservation 
of Apples is to keep them dry, 
and we do not forget this when 
heaping them in the orchard. 
Boards are laid upon loose 
cross-pieces to make a floor. 
Upon the boards is put a light 
layer of straw. Boards are, laid 
against stakes driven at the 
sides, and after the Apples are 
put in (not more than eighteen inches deep) 
a tight board roof is placed over them, but 
raised six inches from the Apples, to admit 
of plenty of air getting to the Apples- Apples 
can be stored in a vacant corn-crib, clean 
stock shed, or under any airy shelter, but we 
And it more convenient to thus heap om 
up in the orchard. Wherever placed they 
must not be put upon the ground, an e 
floor upon which they are laid must be u y 
six inches from the ground, to proven e 
fruit from drawing moisture. When PP es 
are stored they pass through a “ swea > an 
must not be disturbed while in this ‘. 
When there is imminent danger o eir 
freezing we bring them from the orohar an 
iSed CM “ ^ Wns 
ia sod_at least a foot from the floor. The 
eel ar ,s dry and well ventilated, and kept at 
as low a temperature as dare be. No straw is 
used ui W,o bms. If we desire to keep the 
Apples till Juno or July wo sort them over 
every two or three weeks after April ;i. 
Ihoy do not begin to rot till that time, and 
iC tlie rotten ones are kept picked out very 
few of such Apples as the Bon Davis will rot 
before Juno. They come out fresh and solid ' 
in the spring, crisp and juicy, and more pal- 
atablG than in t-ho fall. 
Wogiiavo tried burrowing Apples, but do 
NEW SEEDLING LIME. 
not like the burrow so well as the cellar. Wo 
made the burrows by digging wide trenches a 
foot or more deep ; putting the Apples in a 
pointed, continuous hhap, and covering them 
with a light covering of straw and a hea^'y 
one of SOU. The Apples wintered very well, 
but soon rotted when brought from the pit. 
I notice in the report of the last meeting 
of the American Pomological Society that 
the Kansas orchai'dists have leaimed this in 
the bitter school of expeiuenoe. On account 
of the heavy crop and low prices of 1882 , 
many orchardists, not prepared with suitable 
conveniences, adopted thp method of storing 
out-of-doors, protected with straw and dirt. 
The reports state that when opened in the 
spring such lots were apparently in good 
condition, and they were put upon the 
market; but they perished soon, and losses 
occurred to the purchasers. I have noticed 
this qlways; and I have frequently heard 
farmers, who stored their home supply of 
Apples in pits, remark that the fruit began to 
rot as soon as the pit was opened in the spring. 
I do not Imow how to account for this unless 
it is because the Apples are kept damp, and 
I liave found, as before stated, that dampness 
decayed Apples more than anything else. In 
a pit they are kept quite damp, as any one 
wlio lias pitted Apples knows; for no matter 
when the pit is opened the 
Apples will be found quite 
wet. Apparently they absorb 
moisture, and this increases 
fermentation when exposed to 
the air. They do not rot while 
in the pit because the cover¬ 
ing of straw and earth is al¬ 
most impervious to air, and 
the Apples may be said to be 
canned up. 
John M. Stahl. 
PEAE BLIGHT. 
In a recent bulletin of the 
New-York Experiment Station, 
Professor J. C. Arthur, the 
Station Botanist, gives the re¬ 
sults of his experiments with 
Pear blight, which, although 
not yet conclusive, throw a 
gi'eat deal of light upon the 
natm'e of this destructive dis¬ 
ease. 
The most remarkable results 
yet secured were obtained by 
inoculating the fruit of the 
Bartlett Pear with a watery 
infusion of diseased Pear stem. 
On the sixth day they were all 
blackened for some distance 
around the point of inocula¬ 
tion, and exuding a copious 
flow of yellowish fluid, which 
ran down the side and dropped 
on the groimd. In fact, each 
was a great running sore. Upon 
cutting open the Pears, they 
were found to be discolored 
almost throughout their inte¬ 
rior. Inoculation, at the same 
time, on Quince fruits showed 
the disease in seven days, but 
without any exudation, and 
upon cutting them open, only 
about one-fourth the interior 
was affected. 
As a general statement, 
which is fully sustained by the experiments 
so far tried,— some sixty in all,—the pro¬ 
fessor holds that the disease known as Pear 
blight is infectious, and may be transmitted 
frona one tree to another by inoculation. 
Under the microscope, any bit of diseased 
tissue shows inconceivable myriads of mi¬ 
nute bacteria, which fill the water of the 
slide in which it is mounted, like a cloud. 
It is, therefore, not necessary to depend on 
external appearances in order to determine 
the progress of the disease in a branch, for 
the microscope will decide with absolute 
certainty. There cannot be a rational doubt 
that bacteria are the cause of this disease of 
the Pear and other pomaceous fruits. 
