jARDEN. 
tOo 
184 
SEASONABLE HINTS, 
last 
Strawlemes--^'^ Tc-pocon” elicited 
» Extending the ® ^ selection of 
several inquiries ahont the h 
varieties, and rve cannot answer these mm ^ 
practically than by giving the 
ing of the principal varieties gr g 
our grounds: 
June 6.— Crysial Cily- onyrifiii 
“ 7 .-Crescent, Blael- Defiance, Ga) den. 
“ 8.— Duche.ss, Downer, 
u 9 __ Wilson. 
“10.— Miner, Lennig’s TTliile. 
“ 11.-CtimherJand, Green rroUfic, Bar s 
Minncsoia, Jnctinda, Cinderella, 
Scilt Boijden, Herrcy Davis, Bed 
Jacket, Beauty. 
u 13 —Bidieell, Warren, Longfellow, Capt. 
Jack, Janies Vick, Manchester, 
Golden Defiance, Great American, 
President Lincoln, Seneca Queen, 
Prince of Berries, Daniel Boone, 
Kentucky, Glendale, Col. Cheney. 
“ 15 .—Jersey Queen, Finch's Prolific, Mrs. ^ 
Garfield, Atlantic, Mt. Vernon. j 
“ IS.— Marrin. | 
The last henies were picked on July 15th, 
principally of Marvin, and a few Mount \er- 
non and Atlantic. l 
Crescent or Duchess for early, Cumber- | 
land or Charles Downing for main crop, and i 
Mount Vernon or Finch’s Prolific for late, 
will, for so small a collection, give satisfac¬ 
tion to the majority of people. 
Baspberries and Blackberries .—There is no 
better season in the year for planting these 
than this month. They start so early in 
spring, generally before the ground can be 
brought into proper condition, and time be 
found for planting, that frequently they re¬ 
ceive a serious check by the operation; while 
now they are dormant, and more care can be 
bestowed upon them. In fact, most plants 
and shrubs and trees may be planted to ad¬ 
vantage in autumn, prorided the ground is 
dry and in proper condition. In heavy, cold, 
or wet ground, spring-planting is preferable. 
Eeaporating Fruits .— To within a recent 
date the only means for disposing of abund¬ 
ant fruit crops that could not be sold profit¬ 
ably were the cider-jmess and the pig-pen. 
The great improvements made of late in the 
artificial drying of fruits and vegetables. 
Peach trees 
I'tJ 
than all other agencies com- 
Peach trees guffev so much, 
N„.d. Sm»"ttoirWit- 
buds. 
doner. , . was con- 
It was the old theory i,„-„„nnnlor 
It was the old t,iioo y -• - - ^olor 
densed from the an, ygloiowthat 
than the atmosphere. Butn^.. brought to 
tbe dew is formed .ttrac 
the surface of the eaith y 1 • 
«>« p«- 
We cannot make tke eait i p . ■ 
but we can reduce its moisture, ai 1 < 
we reduce the amount of ^ 
enround will we reduce the amount of fiost. 
We know that the amount of frost is m pio- 
portion to the amount of moisture in tie 
gromid; we know that on damp ground 
there is frequently a heavy frost, while on 
higher, and consequently drier, gi-ound there 
is none. Fruits and vegetables in the first 
1 locality will be injured, while those in the 
; latter will not. 
j This presents another point; It is not the 
I low temperature of the air and ground, but 
j the deposit of the frozen raoistiue, which 
proves injurious. The high ground and the 
air above it are of as low a temperature as 
very likely of a lower temperature than— 
the low gi-ound and the atmosphere above it; 
but the fruit and vegetables growing on the 
former are not injured. This shows how 
much we can gain by redueing the amount 
of frost; and the fact that the damper gi’ound 
is covered ivith a heavier frost demonstrates 
that the frost comes from the gi'ound, and 
not from the air. 
It is plain that to reduce the amount of 
frost we must reduce the amount of moisture 
in the ground. The moisture in the ground 
may be reduced sufficiently to prevent frost 
without depriving the plants and trees of a 
proper amount of drink. The plants and 
trees on the high ground, where there is no 
frost, thrive as well as those 
tier-draining deepens the soil. 
tnost often produced after a rai^***® 
Ijas fallen, and the upper stratum”* 
gi-ound is saturated. By reniovin”^ 
water from the surf ace, uuder-draini ^ 
ens the frost. “'Blegj.. 
As under-draining in other ways 
compensates for its cost, the wide- 
gardener will hardly fail to avail him's'!^® 
it. And we can take further measu'^'’' 
prevent frost, which at the same time m 
full return by benefiting in other ways^*'* 
Of one of these only have I space to w, 
The more vegetable matter lying on tho *' 
face of the ground, the greater the ft*'!' 
This is because the vegetable matter 
tracts moisture to itself, and also keeps ti' 
ground under it damp. This action is silt),* 
greater if the vegetable matter is decayi ' 
-• M- 4'l^n4- AV..._• 
fy 
ft/ 
liSl 
My readers have noticed that there is often 
a heavy deposit of frost upon straw or vines 
when there was none on bare ground neat 
by. Therefore, the neat, tidy gardener who 
keeps his grounds clean will suffer less ftom 
frost than the slovenly man whose grounds 
are covered with decaying vegetable matter. 
ii^*' 
John M. Stahl. 
- o - —.- -, -- ... ....vy.,u on tho lower, 
however, have opened .some new channels, damper ground. It is not that amonnt of 
and the time is not far distant when an 
evaporator will be found in eveiy fruit¬ 
growing neighborhood, if not on every fann. 
Our export of evaporated Apples amounts 
already to over .six million pounds annually. 
The process of evaporating fruits is ex¬ 
ceedingly simple, and with ordinary care in 
the management of any of the improved ap¬ 
paratus failure is almost impossible. A good 
evaporator is one of the best investments 
that can be made on a fruit farm. 
Plant a Grapevine this month. If you have 
no Grapes at all, and liave room for one vino 
only, planta Concord. This is still the surest; 
but if you liave room for more than one, try 
some of tho newer and far bettor kinds in 
addition. Worden (black), Brighlon\r(sd), 
Duchess (white) are all excellent varieties, 
and succeed in any locality at all favorable 
to Grape culture. 
moisture in the soil necessary to sustain 
vegetable life, but its excess, which pro 
duces frost. 
How, then, eau we reduce the amonnt of 
moisture in tho gi’ound so as to 
quite, prevent early frost? I answer, by 
nearly, or 
■ - , .•' • .k miswer, by 
thoroughly under-draining tho ground, liand 
under-draiuerl forCorn and Whoathasgroatlv 
reduced frosts; but such lamls are not thoi! 
oughly under-drained-the drains are yards 
apart. Make them eloser togethei’, and'frost 
wdl bo almost altogether provenii.ii r.. 
parison with the Wheal and 
HTBEID EASPBEESIES. 
Having read some statements that the pos¬ 
sibility of hybridizing onr difierent species 
of Raspberries is still doubted, the results of 
some experiments which I made several 
years ago may throw some light on this 
question. 
During the years 1865 to 1867 I sowed 
seeds of black Raspberries taken from a 
field in which they grew together with white 
and red ones. Among the seedlings came ' 
up nearly a score which, when transplanted, 
shot up much higher than the rest, had red 
or purple canes and imperfect berries. Bn 
three of them were smaller, very prohne, 
with undersized red berifies of pleasan 
flavor. T 
In 1868, moving to my present homei 
took tho best of these specimens with m • 
Here 1 continued the raising of 
from seed much more extensively. P 
posely selected seeds of tho Miami 
from vows adjoining rows of Hornet, 
ine, and Brinckle’s Orange. The 
all of which I sowed ; and 
ons seedlings wore many ,!Lye's 
Tho cross betivoon tho Miami an( ” .. 
Orange was a curiosity. The |,i(or. 
black parent, but much smaller an 
Tho berries wore white, with the en 
torod over with black. I raised 
lings from tho rod berries that t 
boro; they all seomod to have 
characluristics as their .* 
sulisliod mo as to their being ti*'’-' ' , 
H. J. SF.VMl"-"'' 
,1 , 
IjSO®' 
.ij,v3ets: 
Am 
ifeep 
.{iti tbe 
‘“itee 
•’^601 
.. , .Oorn producoi' 
the orchardist and gardonoi*' ' ^ 
occupioH HO little 
'O mako tho drains 
ami that ho nan afford 
this close together. 
Umhir-draining would re,luce the a.nonnl 
o frrmt not onlyby taking away the o.xco! 
ot moisture, but by more evenly distrilmi 
OVEELOADED XEBBS. 
A tree ovorloadod with fruit, B 
says, can noithor perfect tho jiunih''* 
its wood properly, and in a sovoi 
quite likely to succumb to a 
which, under proper treatment, i ^ tins 
resisted. The Grape is very %ioii9 
respect. It is safe to say 
trees ai’o annually riiinod m i" 
