the POUGHKEEPSIE BED QBAPE. 
This now Grapo, ropvoscntod in ouv illus-. 
ti-ation, Avas originated by A. J. Caywood, 
Marlboro, N. Y. Wo have fi'c<iuontly noticed 
it at oxbibi'ions, and with each sncoccding 
year avo became more favorably impi'csaod 
of its excellent quality. 
In general appearance it resembles the 
DelaAvare, being slightly darker, and berries 
and bnslios generally a little larger. It is 
the sAveetost native Grapo avo knoAv of, free 
from all trace of foxiness, and oven the 
skins may bceheAvod Avitliout leaving an un¬ 
pleasant' taste. As a table Grapo it Avill bo 
highly prized Avhor- 
everknoAvn,andfor 
^vino making it 
possesses the most 
desirable quali- 
flcatioiis in a very 
high degree. 
It is said to be a 
cross betAvecn Iona 
and DelaAvare, 
Avood and foliage 
resembling the lat¬ 
ter ; but on the or¬ 
iginator’s grounds, 
where aa'c saAv it 
gi'OAving, it made 
more vigorous 
groAA’th, and Avas 
apparently hardier 
than Delaware. If 
this neAv variety 
succeeds over a 
large area as well 
as it does liere, it 
Avill become a most 
valuable addition 
to our list of first- 
class hardy Grapes. 
1 . through livintr 
voloniiur 
ln8?“t to 
for access 
opened. ho sun causes this roughness and 
ackmg by the evaporation of moisture, 
lendenug the bark brittle and unable to re- 
mst, without rupture, the SAvclIing caused 
by growth. 
Although bacteria are doubtless the cause 
01 a part of our injured orchards, the blame 
docs not rest wholly Avith them. The other 
If the above is con-ect, says Professor 
Uurrill in conclusion, soils and locations are 
best which suffer least by summer drouths, 
and are least affected by autumnal rains. 
It is not the soil that holds the most water 
as a reservoir, but the soil that holds it 
longest as a sponge. Those methods of 
cultivation and management are best which 
beneficially modify tbe effects of drouth in 
midsummer, and at the same time save the 
trees from too much water at other times. 
A bare soil becomes dryer in summer than 
when covered witli mulch or green herbage. 
A hard compact soil gives up its moisture 
sooner than one 
well pulverized 
with the plow and 
harrow; an un¬ 
drained soil suffers 
more than one 
Avhere stagnant 
Avater never ac¬ 
cumulates. 
TOTTEE KILLING OF 
FRUIT TREES.' 
Prof. T. J. Burrill 
stated before the 
Illinois Horticul¬ 
tural Society his 
belief that the in¬ 
jury to tre< s which 
shows itself in 
patches of dead 
bark, partly loose 
sometimes, and in 
other cases adher¬ 
ing firmly to the 
stems, results 
from two causes. 
When the bark 
dies and adheres 
closely, whether or 
not a new gioAvth 
niay start underneath, the disease is blight, 
caused by bacteria. The damage does not 
occur especially in winter, but the progress of 
the disease is so slow and obscure that it is. 
rarely apparent until much damage is done, 
the injury being shown more iu th=“ spring 
tlian at other seasons. On this account it 
usually supposed to be caused by the cold i 
of winter. This form of injury is most com- 
roon on the south-west side of the trunk. 
THE POUGHKEEPSIE RED GRAPE, 
destructive agency is frost, causing theactual 
is therefore often called “ sun scald, 
"ot it is not due to scald, caused by the 
**un s heat, as ordinarily understood. T le 
'Cason that the injury is greater on this si e 
probably because the bark is ciacke 
'Uoro and the bacteria can more easily entei. 
burstinn- of the bark or wood by the formation 
o n"tbe tissues of the trunk, and the Pro¬ 
cessor i« confident that the so-ca led wind- 
shakes of trees is really caused by freezing in 
a majority of eases. When the splitting o - 
gen 
in the Avarm 
weather of spring. 
SHORT CUTTINGS. 
Charles Downing 
considered the 
Bart'ett the best 
Pear for summer, 
Bose for fall, and 
Dana’s Hovey for 
winter use. 
The Crescent is, 
by the Colorado 
Horticultural So¬ 
ciety, considered 
the best early 
Strawberry for 
that State. 
The free use of 
fertilizers is in 
many cases of more 
importance to suc¬ 
cess iu fruit culture 
than the character 
of the land. 
The entire Cran¬ 
berry crop of last 
year, in all sections 
of the Union, is 
estimated at 271,- 
f)00 bushels, being 
121,000 bushels less 
than in the previ¬ 
ous year. 
Judge Wm. Pan-y 
has observed that 
the fruits of Bart¬ 
lett Pear trees 
planted near Kief- 
fers attained larger 
size and remained 
on the trees a month longer than w-heii 
planted at a distance unfavorable for this 
natural cross-fertilization. 
A barrel of frozen Apples, says the Ger¬ 
mantown Telegraph, can be made all right and 
better than before, by removing half a bushel, 
filling up the space thus left with suoav 
pressed down and rounded ui), and setting in 
a moderately warm room for a day or two. 
For northern localities with short seasons, 
T. S. Hubbard recommends the folloAving 
varieties of Grapes: Early Victor, Lady, 
Moore’s Early, Talman, Worden, Di-acut 
Amber ; and for the South, Triumph, Herbe- 
niont, Perkins, Goethe, HoHoii and Niagara. 
