supply of wakM-run,on,,,u,u„. 
Or wluil; shall we say of .,1 ’ «liloV 
dark collar wliloh ‘osoauoH fl'*'’".'''’'' 
and roars Its head with n.'i 1 1 ** 
Shlnoabovoy If th^ll .ri 
Instlnot what shall wo call tholi.v' 
That plants have poonli.n.iii , 
those of animals is apparoin 
nion are unable to .. ^oiontiil. 
arc 
twoi 
teaches ino that w 
hardi- 
imiM and the 
lands, and by 
become possessed 
,,, , mmials 
, , . ''led in aiTivIno- 
at conclusions .•elating to tb,. bai'dincss d 
fruits, by considering i.ow animals are' b 
proved and umde moi'c ba.'dy, also to bn- 
provement in other ways, and to t,-eatn.ent 
of diseases, as wo have bettor physicians fo,- 
animal than vegetable disorders. 'I'bereforc 
in answer to tiio ipiestion, “Wbei-e do the 
plants come f.-om that are fonnd in the north 
and how came the.y possessed with ’ 
ness?" I ask of whence came 
beasts from such iiortliei-n 
what process did they 
with hardiness? 
The birthpiace of man and most animals 
was in a mild clime. Their march noi-tb- 
ward has been by slow stages, occupying 
many thousand yoai-s. during which tliey 
have accumulated and iidterited hardiness 
enough to withstand the climate of the arc¬ 
tic regions. Tlie bii-thplace of the majority 
of fruits was likewise in a mild climate, 
from whence they have migi-ated through¬ 
out the ages. AVhile plants ai-e depi-ived of 
the peculiar pietliods of locomotion possessed 
by animals, they make free use of othei'S' 
wings and legs, and of lakes and sti-eanis. 
The seeds of fruits will usually remain in 
the stomachs of bii'ds and beasts several 
days and liually be deposited several hun¬ 
dred miles distant fi-oin their bii’thplaoe with¬ 
out loss of vitality. Plants liave thus and 
by other metliods migrated nortli and soutli. 
Those plants best adapted to a northern 
clime that rove south, pei'isli under tlie 
scorching sun of the tropics, but sucli as 
migrate north liecome more liardj'’ as they 
progress noi-thward. Tlie gi-adual increased 
e.xposure is met hj' the response invariably 
given by plants and animals when placed in 
a perilous position, whicli is to fortify tlieni 
selves against disaster. Tlius tlie pai ent <ic 
cumulates hardiness by gi'adually incte.isec 
exposure. The oflspring inherits tlie ‘ 
ness of the pai'cnt and acquires moie 
ness from furtlier. exiiosure, until 
course of ages the hardest varieties < 11 ' 
tained by natural processes. 
This natural process is too slow for si o ', 
lived man, who seeks to hasten r • » 
leaps. Instead of occupying ,, gop, 
a seedling from New Jersey 0 Mu ncsol h 
Ti'o -"A 
sudden and violent, and 1 npftecl va- 
like many other good things, ' 
i-iety dies young. .„,nm to impo'''"' 
Man seeks with more wi. long 
Variety to our nortldand ' exposure 
generations of graduallj'^ i"0' ‘ ^^g \viiile 
has become hardy in foreign <• ^ 
this meets with partial ^parities of 
member that the inherited 1 .,s va- 
such imported varieties are n rj,]jerefoi'e 
fieties inherit on our own soi 
in tlie 
e ob- 
A^^Mb/RlCAN garden. 
best sn!" 
'-«« / O'lnoloiiiixd 
FRUITS ALL THE YEAE, 
eople at tlie Past know 
'■he luxury of 
tlieir own 
says C; 
and the 
237 
gathering 
i.et ns 
linil onr 
for oilr 
tln‘- Aiiuirl- 
very little about 
fresh fruits from 
■'n gi-onnds evey month of tiie year, 
"• '';‘'l'ro|i ill the l{m'al Californian. 
T will hardly believe that we are 
‘ t Ml') It even in .snnny California, hnt 
""look at the matte,, a mo.nent, and see 
we cannot eonvinee tlie mo.st skeptical hv 
o vmg a few simple facts wliiel, can be 
vouel.cd for by evci-yhody who has .spent a 
year oi' two in tliis favoi-ed eliine. 
commenee witli .)anna,-y, and we 
Oi-ange, I.emon and I.ime trees, 
laden witli tlicir golden (rnit.s; dm-ing Feb¬ 
ruary and Aiarcli tlie same tempting fruits 
ai-e almndaiit: and in tlie lattei-pai-tof March 
and (Im-ing A|n-il and May we can add the 
hiscions Strawhei-i-y, in gi-eat profusion, to 
tile li.st; in .li,ne we liave Api-ieots and the 
earliest Peaelies; in .Inly and .August, .Apri¬ 
cots, Nectai ines, I'eaclies and lilackbei i-ies; 
in .September and October, Peaclies, Pears, 
Atiplos, I'lmns, .Almonds, Figs and Grapes; 
in Xovembei-, Peaclies, Aj.ples, Pears, Per¬ 
simmons, Olives, Giapes and English Wal¬ 
nuts; in December, .Apjiles, Peai-s, tlie latest 
Peaclies, a few Grapes; and by this time the 
Oranges are fit to eat again. 
Otlier varieties of fruits might be added, 
hut enough have been mentioned to show 
j'our readers tliat tliere is not a time during 
tlie whole j'ear wlieii tlie average Califor¬ 
nian wlio has talien tlie pains and foresiglit 
to jilant file proper \-aiietie.s, cannot supply his 
table witli tlie most wliolesome of all luiniau 
food, fresh, ripe fruits. And we can just as 
truly say tliat tliere is not a time during tlie 
wliole year wlien beautiful Poses and (low¬ 
ers of various kinds cannot be found blooming 
out-of-doors and (illiug the air with their 
sweet pei-fume, even wlieu the mountain 
tO])S a few miles distant are coi'ered mtli 
their snowy mantle. 
PRACTICE WITH SCIENCE, 
it has been impossible until within a 
years for a youtli 
few 
to obtain in tills country 
iiny practical education in liorticniturc ex¬ 
cept by a sort of appreutiecsliip to a praeti- 
C 4 il gardener. In England the Kewgaidens 
have served as training schools for some of 
tlie best gardeners, fu France the horticul¬ 
tural seliool at A^ersailles lias turned out sev¬ 
eral fenerations of skilled liorticulturists, 
and Eui'ope lias quite a miinbcr of other 
successful schools. Now some of our agn- 
cultural colleges liave developed their hor¬ 
ticultural departments in the direction of a 
ni"ictical apiilicatioii of the class-room teiteli- 
f recent visit to Amherst I was 
o-ro'itlv pleased to note the improvements m 
n -aiii horticulture at the Massachusetts 
i‘;!,iultural College. Prof. M.'.ynard,_simrt 
r funds for ills department, was foiced to 
" iter tlie market as a mir.seryman and Inut 
The result has been successful m 
It lias been claimed that tlie 
r IIJfP should not and need not make any 
° t .If conimeroial success. Let us see. 
iicrc^vincyard in full bearing, wheie 
IV J. Gfl)*-! ^ 
that is managed as a wise, successful fruit 
grower would manage it; a plantation of 
Pasphen-ies aiid Blaeklierrics that is made to 
I»roduce a itaying crop by tlie most .approved 
metliods; a big Strawheri-y field that pays, 
and a tliree or four-acre nursery that pro¬ 
duces choice trees for sale. The greenhouses 
and pj-opagatiiig pits turn out thousands of 
flowei-iiig, bedding and vegetable plants that 
find a ready market. The students do most 
of the work under com))etent superintend¬ 
ence, and the lessons of a jiraetical business 
siicces.s in Iiortieulture are ever in action be¬ 
fore tlieii- eyes, which they must learn by 
absoi-piiou if not from interest. And the 
fact is tliat some of the i-eceiit graduates 
have entered into immediate suecc.sstul com¬ 
petition witli gardeners, nurserymen and 
fruit growei-s of long experience; whereas 
in former years the class-room teaching 
and woi king among the scientific collections 
Iiroduced men who must still serve' several 
years of apprenticesliip witli commercial 
horticulturists. Prof. Maynard's depart¬ 
ment also includes valuable collections for 
ob.servation and comparison: named lots of 
all the small fruits, extensive beds of fiow- 
erlng and ornamental plants and trees, and 
the large greenhouse collection of clioiqe 
plants. M'e congratulate Massachusetts on 
tlie success of this school of practical liorti- 
cnlture. E. H. L. 
A Clierry tree at Chico, Cal., is said to 
liave yielded 1700 pounds of fruit. 
The Kiefter Pear does not sustain its repu¬ 
tation for freedom from blight. 
It is said that the grasshopper has propor¬ 
tionally 120 times the kicking power of a 
man. A poor young grasshopijcr never goes 
to see a rich Miss Grasshopper when old man 
Grasshopper objects. 
Tliirt 3 '’-rtve pounds whale-oil soap and 
four gallons coal-oil to one liundred gallons 
of water is reconnuended by tlie California 
Ilorticidtural Commission as the most eft'ect- 
ive insecticide. 
Consul Grifiin says in his report that the 
dciuaiid for American fruits in Australasia 
has increased to such an extent within the 
last few years tliat it is now very iiiucli in 
excess of the supply. 
Irrigation can never take tlie place of cul¬ 
tivation, and western fruit growers are rap¬ 
idly finding out tliat to make fruit growing 
profitable their land needs more cultivation 
and irrigation. 
‘"Sam, you are not honest. Why did you 
put all the good Peaches on the top of the 
measure, .and the little ones below'?” “Same 
reason, sah, dat unikes de front of your 
house in.arble and the back gate ohiefly slop 
bar’l, sah.” 
The Charles Downing is the most popular 
Strawberry iii the Boston Market, said a 
prominent dealer. It is of fine quality, de¬ 
sirable size, good color and a fair keeper. 
For all purposes it seems to best suit the 
popular demand. 
