1885. 
THB 
A^IviBRICAN 
the influenoe op pollen 
«v A. 8. VlttXKU. 
garden. 
ON THE FRHIT. 
293 
Since making ,„y llrsL cxporhuouts fo.- the 
purpose 01 clotcnnining the Inllucneo of the 
pollen on the Strawberry, l i„vo ebac-vecl 
many Instances of changes in the color, form 
and llavor of other kinds of fruits as weil 
which, as it appeared to me, were directly 
traceable to the inlhienceof pollen, altliou-ii 
it must be admitted tliat witli our improved 
cultivated fruit we must expect an occa¬ 
sional reappearance of ancestral cliaractcr- 
Istlcs which may mislead us in attrilmtiug 
ceitaiu icsuits to a lictitious cause. Still, 
when a blanch of an Apjile tree generally 
pioducmg fruit with a smooth skin bears 
russet Apples, and we can find no otlier 
cause for tlie cliangc biit tlie close proximity 
of a tree bearing Russets, we are inclined to 
believe tliat pollen lias liad something to do 
in producing the cliange observed. Rccause 
similar or like results are not produced every 
year only indicates tliat self-fertilization is 
the rule with tlie llowers of such fruits as tlie 
Apple, and it is only when the pollen of a. 
particular branch or whole tree is loss iioteiit 
than that on a neigh¬ 
boring one that cross- 
fertilizing occurs. 
I doubt not that 
every observing prac¬ 
tical member of the 
Anierioau Poniologi- 
cal Society can call to 
mind man}' such in¬ 
stances of cross-fertil¬ 
ization among our 
larger cultivated 
fruits as well as 
among garden vege¬ 
tables, especially with 
Melons and Squaslies, 
for with the latter the 
influence of the pollen 
is more readily seen 
to extend beyond the 
seed than with such 
small fruits as the 
Strawberry. 
That our vegetable _ 
nhvsiologists have given us very little infor¬ 
mation on this subject is not at all strange, 
for very few of them have ever had then at¬ 
tention drawn to it, and furthermore the 
extent of the influence of pollen must be 
studied in the field and garden and not in the 
“r "'■’5 tfiS'e. lx"'!' 
fruit. -Julius Locke m ms 
Botany,” oditlon of 1882, P«S« 
»The increase ° „ eurcurbita cocus, 
is frequently eiwrmou^^(^_^^^^^ volume), 
etc., 
to some which have never belonged to the 
flower.” Among the plants so afl'ectod he 
mentions the Fig, Strawbei-ry and Mulbei-ry. 
Ihen again, p. i)00, he says: “The pro¬ 
cess of (kwelopmcnt brouglit about by fer¬ 
tilization or the union of the reproductive 
cells is usualiy not confined to the resulting 
embryo, but shares itself also in a variety of 
changes in tiie mother plant itself.” 
This is what 1 claim to have seen in con¬ 
ducting my experiments with tiie Straw- 
beri'y a cxiiartcr of a century ago—i. e., the 
influence of tlie pollen extended not only to 
the seed and flcsliy receptacle or fruit, Init 
to tlie fruit, stallcs and tlie entire plant. 
Further investigations in the same direction 
have only confirmed my convictions in re¬ 
gard to the influence of the pollen reachin^^ 
so far beyond the seed as to affect the fruit 
suflicient in many instances to change size, 
form, color and even the llavor. 
In ordinarily practical operations it may 
not be of any great importance, but every 
fact in regard to such matter is of value in 
the hands of those who seek to luiow some¬ 
thing of cause and ellectin the cultivation of 
according to Mr. Stokes, it excels it in pro¬ 
ductiveness and hardiness, having wholly 
unprotected survived the last unusually se¬ 
vere winter along side of Cuthberts, many 
of wliieh were severely damaged if not killed. 
From all that we can learn, the Golden Queen 
is a very desirable acquisition, and, all points 
considered, the most valuable yellow Rasp¬ 
berry ever introduced. 
Jm 
THE GOLDEN QUEEN RASPBERRY. 
plants in orchard and g.arden.-Frow n« «d- 
(Iren.-fhefore the American Pomoiookal liociely. 
-195, says: 
the ovary, which 
several thousand , results of 
Shows in a «« “ "he carpels, pla- 
fertilization, frequently simi- 
centte and seeds, bu , .parts. Thus, 
lar changes result Ljtutes the fleshy 
it is the receptacle strawberry, on 
sweUlng which is ca,lled the small 
the surface of which ai • 
tme fruits.” ^^®°.®‘^^l^^pep.s’eated changes 
times the long series parts 
induced byfertUlzation ext ^^gp 
which do not belong to 
THE HOLDEN QUEEN EASPBERET. 
Yellow Raspberries luave never become 
very popular in our markets, although one of 
theiiighcst flavored varieties known. Bn^K- 
le’s Orange is of yellow or "'"'"Se coloi. 
The principal cause of this is probably tlwt 
ilebestof thcoklervarietiesof yellow Rasp¬ 
berries were either so tender or so unpioduc- 
dve as to make then- cultivation for maike 
1 hxf T T Tj 0 vctt« Little Sil 
S si". “ te !.■« W 
1 RoHois to which other yellow Raspberries 
objections to ^ jg 
were liable. ..jjzra 
PLUMS AND POULTET. 
In foi'iner years it was not difflcultto raise 
Plums, they gi’ew naturally in abundance,' 
but ol bate a good crop is of rare occurrence. 
Lven in the woods, which formerly abound¬ 
ed with wild Plums, insects and disease de¬ 
stroy the fruit and trees. Some varieties' 
are decidedly more subject to attack than 
others. 
The Chickasaw is free from insects, and 
seldom fails to produce a crop, but the fruit 
is not nearly as valuable as the Wild Goose 
Plum. Of the latter I have some trees in 
my poultry yard which are bearing nicely. 
But of all the Plums I am acquainted with, 
the Damson is the hardiest and most exempt 
from insect ravages. 
It is delicious for eat¬ 
ing fresh, and for can¬ 
ning or preserving it 
is unequalled; it is 
also excellent for dry¬ 
ing. Plum trees have 
always seemed to me 
to be possessed of 
some sociable nature, 
preferring a situation 
near dwellings. How 
well I recollect the 
D.amsons growing in 
the yard near the old 
homestead of my 
youth, their branches 
reaching over the roof 
of the house, and af¬ 
fording an excellent 
opportunity to pluck 
the fruits from the 
attic windows. Com¬ 
ing to ray present 
domicile Damsons were among the first trees 
I planted. These are ne.ar the house where 
the fowls run under them, and they have 
never failed to produce an abundant crop. 
Plums and poultry grow well together, they 
seem to benefit each other, and anyone who 
plants the trees where the fowls have free 
run under them will not sufter much from 
insect attacks. 
Tnos. D. Baird. 
Dlant of it-was discovered by 
Stokes on bis farm in southein?>< 
among his twelve acres of Cuth- 
growing 
berts 
„e». 
sembles m aB cn bright, creamy- 
color of the fruit, 'vhf does 
not differ m 
SHOET OUTTINaS. 
Ban'ging is not only the best preventive 
an-aiust rot in Grapes, but it serves also an 
excellent proteefion against light and early 
frosts. 
The Early Richmond Peach is rapidly 
.raining in favor; it is reported hardier and 
better than Cr.avv'ford and many other popu¬ 
lar varieties. 
Professor Budd says fresh fruits may be 
preserved during long shipment by wrapping 
Lch specimen in tissue paper that has been 
eSed in salicylic acid. If the journey is 
veS long, use double folds, and fiU the in- 
■lerspaceswith material similai-ly prepared. 
