93 
a. 
V- 
Fig. 85. Aphanifath.es pen- 
nacea (Pall.) Brook. Spines 
on a smaller branch; 52 X- 
Fig. 86. Aphanipathespcnnacca Pall.) 
Brook, a Spines on a smaller branch; 
b spines on a larger branch; c spines 
on the stem; 0, b , c 52 X- 
of 0.75 cm., and 4 right- and 5 leftbranches, straight, 2.5 — 3 mm. long and nearly at right 
angles with the axis, or directed somewhat distally, alternating regularly, except the last ones. 
Mutual distance in a row: ± 2 mm.; the rare secondary branches are 
arranged in the same manner. Polyps unknown ; 
the spines (fig. 85) are everywhere arranged 
in 4 longitudinal rows and a quincunx. Mu¬ 
tual distance is about 240 y ; length 105 y 
and 70 y on opposite sides of the axis ; the 
short spines are smooth, with their distal side 
at right angles with the axis; the long ones have a number of short 
protuberances on their top. On the top of the branches the spines 
are sometimes entirely smooth. 
The specimen of station 95 has the same mode of branching 
as the specimen of station 301, with only slight differences; all the 
branches are straight or slightly sinuous, and often inserted antero- 
laterally, with a mutual distance of 3 mm. in a row. No polyps. 
Spines in 4 ( — 5) longitudinal rows, and a straight quincunx; their 
surface, except a part of their base, is granulated (fig. 86 a). Mutual distance 300 y; length 
105 y, equal on all sides of the axis. On the larger branches the spines are less distally inclined 
(fig. 86^); on the stem the spines are more slender (fig. 86 c) and sparingly distributed, without 
much regularity. 
The fragment of station 91, without polyps, has a straight stem of 2.25 cm.; the 
branches, inserted at angles of 6o°—90° alternate regularly to the right and to the left in two 
rows, but now and again there are branches, which diverge from this rule. The planes of the 
two rows are at an angle of ± ioo°. — The mutual distance in a row is ± 2.5 mm.; the right 
branches are 1.5 cm., the left ones 0.5 cm. long. Secondary branches 
of a few mm. occur sparingly, always in one single row, directed 
straight forwards. The spines (fig. 87) are smooth, distally inclined, 
rather blunt; their mutual distance is 185 y, their length 90 y, 
subequal on all sides of the axis. There are 4 longitudinal rows and 
a straight quincunx. Sometimes the rows are curved and doubled, but not often. On the older 
parts the distribution becomes more and more irregular and more scarce; proximally inclined 
spines occur here between the normal ones, and also many deformations of the spines. 
The fragment of station 52 has a straight stem of 1.5 cm., with branches which lie 
nearly in a plane, with exceptions in all directions. Mutual distance in a row 2 — 3 mm.; length 
± 0.5 cm.; angle of insertion 6o°(—45°). Secondary branches in two rows, alternating regularly 
to the right and to the left, with a mutual distance of more than 2 mm. in a row and a length of 
± 0.5 cm. The plane of this rows is at right angles with the plane of the colony with some 
exceptions. All the branches bear ultimate branchlets of a few mm., at an angle of 45 0 , directed 
towards the front of the colony, or upwards. — The spines (fig. 88 a) have a finely granulated 
top; mutual distance 165 y; length 90 y and 75 y on opposite sides of the axis. I here are 
AT 
Fig. 87. Aphanipathes pciviacea (Pall.) 
Brook. Spines; 52 X- 
