very small distance. The entire branch is covered with polyps and coenenchyma which is 
whole, so that the top of the branch is clearly undamaged. This top is conical and of the 
same shape as the other branch and the top of the stem itself! — The colony is entirely 
covered with polyps, darkbrown, while the coenenchyma is greyish. The polyps are inserted 
on all sides of the axis, but usually they are on one side of the axis more crowded than 
on the opposite side. Where they are most densely crowded, there are, on one aspect 
of the stem, ± 15 polyps to a distance of 1 cm. They are very prominent and so 
clearly visible; height and diameter: ± 1 mm. They are not inserted in regular longitudinal 
rows, while their mutual distance is also irregular, 2 mm. on an average but it may be 
exceedingly more or less. — The coenenchyma has many cracks and fissures, apparently 
the dried grooves, so that it is obvious that these grooves are thinner parts of the 
coenenchyma, and so places of minor resistance. — The polyps have the same structure 
as in the spirit-specimen, making allowance for the dried condition. 
II. 1.25 m. long; two rather straight parts, which are connected at an angle of ± 120°; 
basal diameter 7 mm., top-diameter 4 mm. Shaped like I, except that the angularity of 
the curves is absent. Natural base as well as natural top and branches are absent. Polyps 
less prominent, but otherwise like the polyps of I. 
III. 75 cm. long; basal diameter 5 mm., diameter near the top 4 mm. Shaped like I and II. 
Base attached to a piece of coral. The top shows an open S-shaped loop; coenenchyma 
and polyps like I and II. At a short distance from the end the complete top shows an 
increase of diameter to almost 5 mm. before diminishing towards the conical top, which 
is shaped as in I, but the coenenchyma shows a small scar so that the top may have 
borne a filiform extension. The last 20 cm. of the colony have irregular swellings of the 
axis, but no branches. 
IV. 85 cm. long; basal diameter 3.5 mm. ; diameter near the top 3 mm.; top is in every 
respect (also the scar) like that of III. Shape of stem is like I; part of the axis has an 
indication of a steep spiral. On some places local swellings of the axis. Polyps, etc. ditto 
as in former specimens. 
V. 2 m. long; basal diameter 5 mm.; diameter on 20 cm. distance of the top 3 mm. Polyps 
and shape ot the colony like I; sporadical parts of a spiral. Axis with nodes, especially 
the last 20 cm., where the diameter increases towards the top, which is shaped as in the 
other specimens, with a max. diameter of 6 mm. On a height of 75 cm., on a small mutual 
distance, there are found two knobs, respectively 4 and 5 mm. high above the axis. They 
are completely covered with coenenchyma and they are shaped like the normal top of 
these colonies so that they may be considered as branches. 
VI. 2.5 m. long (base is snapped off); basal diameter 5 111m. increasing swiftly to 6.5 mm.; 
the top is broken at a diameter of 3.5 mm. Habitus ditto as of the other specimens but 
the curves are less pronounced; sometimes wart-like swellings on the axis. The polyps are 
not very conspicuous. 
\'II. 85 cm. long; basal diameter 7.5 mm.; the top is broken at a diameter of 4 mm. The 
basal plate follows all the irregularities of the underground, here a piece of coral. Polyps 
