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a thick mesogloea with numerous fine radiate fibres from ectoderm to entoderm, but without 
cells. With Antipathes (— Euantipathes) densa Silb. he states ectodermal longitudinal muscle- 
fibres in the tentacles, especially on the actinopharyngeal side, and also delicate muscle-fibres 
round the mouth. Antipathes grandiftora Silb. (= Euantipathes dichotoma (Pall) em.) has also 
longitudinal muscle-fibres in the tentacles but on every side of equal distinctness. 
A. Thomson (16) made sections through his material of the Scottish Antarctic Exp. but the 
preservation in formol appeared to be a very bad fixative for microscopical anatomical research 
so that the sections were not serviceable. 
In my publication on Cirripathes (= Eucirripathes') I gave an extensive description of 
the microscopical anatomy of this subgenus, eight species of which could be examined. Since 
I repeat this description for the greater part unchanged, in the following pages, I can forego 
a review of it. I only want to remark that, in connection with the peculiar course of the 
mesenteries, for which I had not made sufficient allowance, some strange deviations in the 
mesenterial musclesystem could be explained and easily eliminated, so that I have more certainty 
about the normal state of this musclesystem in all Antipatharia. 
I must finally add that, before my publication, there were known two modes of growth 
of the colony; the new polyps are formed at the end of the colony, but they also originate 
very frequently between the adult polyps on the older parts of the colony. In the latter case 
the coenenchyma in the interzooidal areas forms an oral cone, round which the tentacles are 
formed; at last the oral cone breaks through and gives origin to the mouth. 
TECHNICAL REMARKS. 
When making a series of sections with a microtome one encounters peculiar difficulties 
with all Antipatharia since the older parts of the horny axis are too hard and brittle to be 
cut. I could only make sections through the top-parts of the colonies, where the axis is still 
thin, after having enclosed them in paraffin with a high melting point (6o°). In this manner I 
got rather efficient sections, although the axis itself was rarely well cut; often the axis was 
broken up into fragments, frequently rending the polyps and the coenenchyma. — When the 
axis was older I had to sever the polyps, etc. from the axis, before I could make sections 
through them; this method however has many drawbacks: the axis epithelium itself got lost 
for the greater part, and the polyps themselves were often damaged, since the spines project 
frequently through them. Therefore some species, which had very well developed and preserved 
polyps, did not give available series of sections. In many species however, and sometimes in several 
varieties of the same species, I was successful in severing the polyps in a good state; if possible 
I cut several individuals of each species. — All the specimens were preserved in spirit without a 
preceding fixation, which, we regret, is very difficult at a deepsea-expedition. Usually I stained 
the sections (mostly 3 p. in thickness) after the cutting, partly with Delafield-haematoxylin, 
partly with haemalum. From these stainings, both of which were equally efficient, I prefer the 
haematoxylin since it admits of a much better and clearer differentiation. — In view of the 
