THE GEOLOGY OF PLYMOUTH. 
471 
something more than mere portions of the osseous system was 
introduced.' ' Fully agreeing with this view, I hope to be able to 
carry the matter one step further. 
There is another hypothesis concerning the channels by which 
the remains were introduced, to which perhaps I ought to refer. 
It is that of Mr. H. C. Hodge, who holds that the caverns were 
really enclosed by solid stone, and suggests that the original 
openings are to be sought between the limestone beds at points 
where they are separated by seams of purple calcareous slate. I 
do not know a single instance of the occurrence of this slate which 
I should not pronounce contemporaneous with the limestone itself. 
The animals whose remains have been clearly identified as 
occurring in the Oreston Caverns are — Ursus priscus, grizzly bear ; 
Ursus spelceus, great cave bear ; Fells spelcea, cave lion ; Hycena 
spelcea, cave hyena ; Cams lupus, wolf ; Vulpes vulgaris, common 
fox ; Equus fossilis, fossil horse ; Equus plicidens, ditto, with 
plicated tooth ; Asinus fossilis, fossil ass or zebra ; Bison minor, 
lesser bison ; Bos longifrons, long-fronted ox. These were all iden- 
tified by Professor Owen, who likewise assigned the rhinoceros 
remains to Rhinoceros ticliorinus. Mr. Busk holds that they belong 
to Rhinoceros leptorhinus, which has never been found in cave 
deposits elsewhere, and is always of much rarer occurrence than 
its congener. 
Mr. J. C. Bellamy states that bones of the mammoth and hip- 
popotamus in his possession were found at Oreston ; but he ex- 
pressly mentions that he did not examine the caverns himself. 
The Eev. B. Hennah, who did, distinctly avers that in the caverns 
to which Mr. Bellamy refers no remains of the larger animals were 
discovered. I do not think therefore that either belong to the 
Oreston fauna, though Dr. E. Moore states that bones of the 
mammoth, rhinoceros, and bear were found in fissures on the Hoe ; 
and the bones of the mammoth certainly did occur at Yealm 
Bridge. 
Dr. Buckland concurred with Messrs. Clift and Cottle in believing 
that the weasel was included in the Oreston fauna. Professor 
Owen holds that the evidence is insufficient. Mr. Cottle mentions 
bones of the boar, the hare, and the water-rat as in his collection. 
Mr. Pengelly has identified the hog ; but of the hare and the 
water-rat we hear no more. Mr. Bellamy mentions (second-hand) 
the occurrence of ovine bones. Mr. Hodge enumerates the deer, 
