476 
JOURNAL OF THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION. 
from embryology ; from homologies, or similarity of structure ; 
from retention of rudimentary organs, and from reversions to rudi- 
mentary organs. Review of Wallace's reasons of dissent from the 
opinion that the theory of evolution applies to man. 1. Presence 
in man of characters originally injurious. 2. Original size of the 
brain. Testimonies of Professor Rolleston, Dr. Beddoe, and Paul 
Broca. 3. Comparative size of human and other animal brains. 
4. Absence of any natural covering on parts of man's body re- 
quiring protection of some kind. 5. " Specialization of the hands 
and feet of man." 6. Capabilities of voice in man, and nice dis- 
crimination of musical sounds, with the power to produce them. 
7. Arguments against production of man's moral and mental facul- 
ties by means of natural selection ; viz., existence of conceptions 
in man which cannot be so accounted for. Inevitable conclusion 
from the possession by man of faculties manifestly belonging to his 
spiritual being only, and its progressive perfection, and having no 
bearing on his material welfare. Hence follows a further con- 
clusion as to the manner of operation in nature of the higher 
intelligence. Man's place in nature shown not to be affected by 
theories as to manner of his origin. In any justly supposable 
case, he would be " still a new and distinct order of being." 
Question, Whether the theoretical primitive man can be regarded 
as true man or not ; i.e. whether we are to regard him as an 
anthropoid ape or a pithecoid human being, and the bearing of this 
question on that of the unity of mankind ? The theory of natural 
selection not modern, but an ancient theory, being in fact found 
to be stated, almost in Darwinian language, in the Physics of 
Aristotle. Is the condition of primitive man as a savage hunter 
consistent with his supposed descent from a fruit-devouring ape ? 
The paper closed with two fancy pictures portraying the con- 
trasted results of the creationist and evolutionist theories. Which 
of these beings are we to choose as our ancestor — man created 
with all manlike faculties after the glacial era had passed away, or 
the assumed common progenitor of the ape and man of Darwin 
struggling on miserably through the glacial epoch ? 
" Under which king, Bezonian, speak or die?" Caliban or 
Prospero ? 
