THE DEVELOPEMENT OF THE IDEA OF LAW. 
569 
3. Kant (1724-1804), though he gave a positive position to 
morality, defined law negatively as the conception of the limits to 
the freedom of individuals necessary with a view to the co-existence 
of the freedom of all. 
Pichte (1762-1814) at first separated law again from morality, 
but afterwards viewed society as a divine order of life, to be realized 
according to the laws of the reason ruling in all minds. 
The historical school— Burke (1730-1797), Hugo (1768-1844), 
Savigny (1779-1861) — considered law as formed by a rational 
instinct in nations, and displayed in the course of history. 
The theological school referred law in a Bomanist direction — De 
Maistre (1764-1821), De Bonald, A. Miiller, and others— or in a 
Protestant (J. Stahl), to positive religion. 
Schelling (1775-1854) censured the formalism of the Kantian 
jurists, and pointed out, though indefinitely, the need of an 
organic conception of law. 
Hegel (1770-1830) defined law to be the realization of liberty. 
Krause (1781-1832) accepted the progress, and included the 
fundamental ideas of the previous systems in a higher ethical 
organic conception adopted by Ahrens. 
N.B. The lecturer desires to say that the abstract of his paper 
on Economic Yalue, found at p. 170 of the last volume of the 
Transactions, is incorrect. 
2 p 
