THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. 
47 
have been found in 108 places. "This includes coins, pottery, 
urns, interments, inscriptions, foundations of buildings known to 
be Eoman, pavements, and fortifications known to be Roman, or 
occupied by the Eomans." 1 Temples, potteries, villas, mines, 2 alike 
attest the thoroughness of the Koman occupation of Somerset, and 
force into sharpest prominence the opposed conditions which during 
the Eoman Period must have ruled in the two counties. 
There is no reason to assign a different date to the Eoman pre- 
sence in Devon, in the limited sense in which it must thus be 
understood, than to the Eoman occupation of the kingdom in general. 
" The series of coins found in the cities of the North of England, 
and in the camps and chartered cities of the South, extends from 
the earlier reigns of the Empire down to the time of Arcadius and 
Honorius, and then ceases." 3 
Thus Exeter has yielded coins of Augustus, Caligula, Claudius, 
Britannicus, Nero, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, 
Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, 
Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Geta, Alexander Severus, Maximinus, 
Gordian, Valerianus, Gallienus, Postumus, Claudius II., Tetricus I., 
Tetricus II., Aurelian, Numerianus, Victorinus, Decentius, Delnia- 
tius, Tacitus, Probus, Carus, Carausius, Diocletian, Maximian, 
Allectus, Constantius, Chlorus, Constantine, Crispus, Licinius, 
Constans, Magnentius, Constantine II., Julian, Valentinian, Valens, 
Gratian, and Philip II. There are also coins of females : those of 
Julia Domna, Faustina (both), Julia Maesa, Flavia Maxima, Salo- 
nina, Maximiana, Sabina, Antonia, Etrusilla, and Theodora. 
The oldest piece of Eoman money recorded from Exeter is one 
of the Cornelia gens, 96 b.c. ; but though other pre-Christian coins 
have occurred, it is only in casual fashion. Claudius is the first 
emperor whose money has been found in any quantity, but from 
Claudius to Gratian the succession of Imperial coins is well-nigh 
continuous, and probably would be quite complete if anything like 
1 Preb. Scarth, "Roman Occupation in the West of England," Proc. 
Som. Arch. Soc. 
2 Inscribed pigs and laminae of lead show that the Romans worked the 
Bfendip mines as early as 49 a.d. There has never been a trace of Roman 
interference in the mines of Devon or Cornwall. Stray coins only show 
intercourse. 
3 J. C. Bruce, Roman Wall, p. 43. 
