SEALS AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 75 
ON SOME PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS. 
SYLLABUS OF LECTURE BY J. MERRIFIELD, LL.D., F.R.A.S., F.M.S. 
(Read November 6th, 1884.) 
Measurement of lines. Units of length. The inch and the 
metre. The units of weight and capacity. The superiority of the 
French mode over the English. How hundredths and millionths 
of an inch are determined. The pendulum as a unit of length. 
How it is used for finding the force of gravity. Measurement of 
angles. Zenith sector; how used. Measurement of base lines. 
Colonel Colby's instrument. Triangulation in a survey. Measure- 
ment of an arc of a meridian, and from thence the size of the earth 
determined. 
ODDS AND ENDS OF MONETARY HISTOEY. 
SYLLABUS OF LECTURE BY JOHN G. NORMAN. 
(Read November 13th, 1884.) 
Introduction. Difficulties of definition. What the professors 
say. What the city men say. Money-market money. Oldest 
form of money. Coinage : its early history. Our own £ s. d. 
Bank-notes : their history. Negociable securities. Our financial 
friends the Jews. The Caossini and the Lombards. The gold- 
smiths of London. Various opinions about bankers. The ethical 
side of the subject. Conclusion. 
SEALS (PINNIPEDS) AND THEIK GEOGRAPHICAL 
DISTRIBUTION. 
SYLLABUS OF LECTURE BY F. H. BALKWILL. 
(Read November 20th, 1884.) 
Pinnipeds. Classification of seals, and what relation this has to the 
question of evolution. Comparative anatomy. Life, habits, and 
capture of several species. Geographical distribution. Conclusion. 
