NOTES ON THE EARLY HISTORY OF STONEHOUSE. 367 
earthwork, or a fort, or blockhouse \ while larger works such as 
the castles at Pendennis and St. Mawes were completed a little 
later. Pendennis is not shown on the continuation of this map, 
and St. Mawes noted as half made. This would give the date of 
the drawing about 1542. It certainly was before 1553, for there 
is no note of the house at Mount Edgcumbe. 
The builder of Pendennis and St. Mawes, and other local 
defences of this period, was Mr. Treffrye, of Fowey ; and the 
Plymouth records show that there was considerable expenditure on 
the bulwarks of the town and on their armament at this same 
time. The walls of a corresponding building of the period were 
preserved by being worked into the sea-face of the Citadel 
outworks. 
The Eastern King structure may be even older. Bulwarks 
along the water's edge were erected for the defence of Plymouth 
by the townsfolk at as early a date as we have any detailed record 
— the early years of the fifteenth century. The remains here 
show that the rock was cut away to form an internal platform, a 
ridge being left where the foundation of the wall came, whilst on 
the outside the reef was stepped. The entrance was on the west, 
through a doorway some four feet in width — one of the holes in 
which the bar was placed to secure the door remains. Immediately 
on the north of the doorway was the fireplace with its chimney — 
the latter being 2 feet 2 inches by 1 foot 9 inches. The opening 
of the fireplace is now three feet in width, and its height 8 feet 6 
inches. So far as can be made out, the lower chamber was about 
29 feet from east to west, and 22 feet from north to south. In the 
northern wall an arched opening, three feet wide, led to a flight of 
steps by which the upper platform of the tower was reached. A 
fragment of the vaulting here still remains. There are thirteen 
steps in the thickness of the wall, each 2 feet 6 inches broad, 10 
inches deep, and 10 inches tread. This northern wall was built to 
a large extent against the country, and a capacious vault was 
excavated in the hill, and entered by an opening at the foot of the 
steps, which is now walled up. The opening into this vault was 
4 feet 8 inches wide by 6 feet 8 inches high. There was a much 
smaller vault under the steps ; but the opening — 4 feet by 3 feet — 
is also walled up. The width of the walls varies considerably, 
from 5 feet 6 inches to 3 feet 9 inches. Limestone only is now 
to be seen in the building ; and the rock platform was covered by 
