212 
JOURNAL OF THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION. 
Four manors only west of the Tamar come within our purview. 
At the time of the Survey what is now the parish of Maker was 
divided into two manors of Macretone, one the demesne of the 
King, with land for ten ploughs ; and the other belonging to the 
Count of Moreton, with land for eight, and held under him by 
Reginald of Valletort. One of these two manors is in the Devon 
Survey, and the other in the Cornwall, and they may be taken as 
corresponding to what, until recent years, was the division of the 
parish between the two counties. Rame and Antone, both fairly- 
populous manors, were held by Ermenhald under the Abbey of 
Tavistock; and it is curious to note that the Abbot of Horton 
gave the land of Antony a bad name. 
The area comprised in the district which we have been consider- 
ing, and shown in the map, is about 250 square miles, of which, 
after allowing for water, and for the included parts of Cornwall, 
something over 200 square miles may be considered to belong to 
the land surface of Devon. The manors identified as occupying 
this area are eighty-one in number. Whilst therefore the district 
itself is just a twelfth the size of Devon (2585 square miles), the 
manors are one-fourteenth of the total number, which is 1118. 
The population of the manors enumerated is 812, and as the total 
population of the county set forth in Domesday, as calculated by 
Sir H. Ellis, is 17,434/ it follows that the average population of 
1 In Devon the villeins formed nearly half the population — 8070, the 
bordars being 4847, and the serfs 3294. In Cornwall a very different state of 
social relations is indicated, by the bordars mustering 2355, against 1730 
villeins, and 1160 serfs. May not this have resulted from the mixed Saxon 
and Keltic population of the latter county ? 
I have been careful to speak of the " enumerated " or " recorded " popula- 
tion, and so to guard against the inference that Domesday contains complete 
census returns. The free classes must be added to the figures given, and we 
have very little clue as to the proportion they bore. The burgesses in the 
towns too, who held rather a personal than a class relation to their lords, 
must in many cases have been heads of families ; and so with certain others 
of the enumerated whose individual position is clearly defined by the character 
of their occupations. But so far as regards the three great unfree divisions — 
serfs, villeins, and bordars or cottars — I hold the returns to be generally in- 
clusive, and to cover all who came under these heads, old and young. They 
were all more or less the property of the lord, or appendant to the soil ; and 
the rigid scrutiny that cast up with all the accuracy attainable every sheep, 
or goat, or pig, would not have omitted knowingly a single member of the 
