SANITARY SCIENCE. 
225 
LIGHTING AND HEATING. 
SYLLABUS OF LECTURE BY DR. R. OXLAND, F.C.S. 
(Read November 30th, 1882.) 
A sketch of the advances made in artificial lighting and heating 
in the course of the past half-century. The present development of 
gas lighting ; its prospects for the future. The recent advances of 
electric light ; a glance at the principles involved ; consideration of 
its probable future. The common methods of applying heat, in 
plus and minus quantities, for cooking, for heating, for cooling 
purposes. Illustrations of the use of gas for heating and for cooking 
purposes. Necessities and advantages of the greatly increased con- 
sumption of gas contemporaneously with the increased utilization 
of the resources of electricity. 
SANITARY SCIENCE. No. II 
SYLLABUS OF LECTURE BY MR. A. R. DEBNAM. 
(Read December 7th, 1882.) 
Faults in the laying of house-drains. The proper fall and size of 
drain-pipes. Flushing of drain-pipes. Syphon and other water- 
traps. Disconnection of the house from the sewer. Lead and iron 
soil-pipes. Evils arising from defective soil-pipes. Ventilation of 
soil-pipes. Water-closets and their positions. Water-closet appa- 
ratus, and their defects. D-traps, and the danger incurred by using 
them. The best sanitary appliances for the water-closet. The 
proper position for the outlet of waste-pipes. 
