44 
JOURNxVL OF THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION. 
Tun, "an enclosure," whence town, appears in a large number of 
our local names. We have it in the oldest recorded name of 
Plymouth — Sutton, in Plympton, Yealmpton, Tamerton, Newton, 
Weston, Ermington, Compton, and many others. It is very apt, 
however, to be confounded with dun, a "hill," which, like cwm 
and combe for valley, was used both by Kelt and Saxon. We 
have, for example, Staddon Heights, Langdon, Down Thomas, all 
applying to parts of the same hill range. 
Stocks come next to tuns in importance. A stock or stoke was 
an enclosure defended by palisading, "stockaded." Plymstock, 
Revelstoke, Stoke Damerel, Tavistock, show that in this locality 
the need for such protection was specially felt. Bury or borough 
is a word of very similar meaning, so far as the idea of defence is 
concerned ; but a bury properly is an earthen camp, and thus 
answers to the Kornu caer or dinas. Here again we find the need 
of defence indicated by the prevalence of words thus compounded, 
such words as Bigbury, Kinterbury, Modbury, Wembury, 
Roborough, Ugborough, Burrough. 
Ham we have in many forms' — simple as at Ham in Weston 
Peveril, and compounded in Langham and Lyneham. I am inclined 
to regard these as one— " the long dwelling." Langdon is "the 
long hill." Staddon may give us stead, a "place " — " the hill place." 
Saltram was originally Salterham. Willcove has been read as 
"the well cove and Freathy traced to frith, a " wattled hedge." 
S willy is a doubtful name. Sell is a " cot," and Sell-ley would be 
the "cot-field." Mothecombe, "the mouth of the combe." Warleigh 
is loearth or ivo?*thleigh ; and as one of the meanings of worth is 
" a land between two waters," we see how aptly descriptive this is. 
Shaugh is sceacga, "rough coppice;" and in Sampford Spiney we 
have the allied word spinney. Maristow is really Martins-stow — 
"Martin's place." Wick, "an abode," we have in Hurdwick. 
Wabblewall, in the parish of Brixton, is very suggestive and 
pure Saxon. It is "the bubbling well;" for wabble means to 
"burst out — bubble." In Colebrook we have the Saxon coin, "a 
pebble," " the pebbly brook." 
Hoe is a notable word, though simply one form of Saxon for 
high. We have it also in Hooe ; and in North Devon it appears in 
Morthoe, Martinhoe, Trentishoe ; at Dartmouth it once existed in 
Hawley's Hoe. Names and prefixes descriptive of situation are 
very common. Harford is "the higher ford;" Horrabridge, "the 
