102 
JOURNAL OF THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION. 
resemblances and their contiguity have frequently caused them to 
be confounded. * 
The first palseontological discovery recorded in connection with 
the Hoe was in 1808, when there was found in a bed of fine sand 
in a fissure, "at least fifty feet above high-water mark," uncon- 
nected with the raised beach, " one side of the jaw of some 
nondescript animal. The teeth, of which there is a double row, 
are each nearly two inches long, and the jaw about eighteen inches, 
and evidently carnivorous." A vertebra was also discovered 9£ 
inches diameter by 4J inches deep. " There is no perpendicular 
hole for the spine ; but three holes pass horizontally through the 
centre." t Mr. Busk, to whom this description was submitted by 
Mr. Pengelly, can only suggest that the animal might have been 
a large saurian of some kind; while the vertebra, if the neural 
arch were not broken or worn off, " must have been a caudal one, 
and belonging to a creature bigger than a large whale." Mr. Busk 
adds, " On the whole I think the mystery, from the given data, is 
to me inscrutable." J Though the word "side" should indicate 
that only one ramus was found, it may be that the term was 
loosely used here to indicate the lower jaw as opposed to the upper, 
in which case the animal might very well have belonged to one of 
the cave series. The assumed vertebra may not have been a 
vertebra at all ; but a description which baffled Mr. Busk must be 
very far beyond me. 
The most important discovery of ossiferous remains on the Hoe 
took place about forty years (18381) ago. The facts were recorded 
by Dr. Moore. The bones were found ten feet beneath the soil, on 
the top of the raised beach, which at its base was thirty-five feet 
above high water springs. The remains specially enumerated are " a 
molar and part of the jaw of a young elephant ; a femur of a rhino- 
ceros, maxillary bones of a bear, with the molar and palatine pro- 
cesses, and two teeth in each ; an entire right lower ramus with teeth 
and tusks, the latter much worn; four separate tusks; several frag- 
* Mr. J. H. Collins, f.g.s., in a paper read before the British Association in 
Plymouth (Report 1877, Trans. Sec., p. 68), came to the conclusion that the 
deposits he examined were not raised beaches. And here I agree with him ; 
for most of the raised beach has long been worked out. 
f "Monthly Mag.," vol. xxvi. p. 191; "Devon. Assoc. Trans.," vol. ix. 
p. 428. 
J "Devon. Assoc. Trans.," vol. ix. p. 430. 
