THE BONE CAVES OF THE PLYMOUTH DISTRICT. 
113 
but whether under the oldest boulder-clay is uncertain. In 1878 
a portion of a molar was brought up from a depth of sixty-five 
feet near Northwich. It was in a sand beneath boulder-clay, which 
the author considered to be undoubtedly the older boulder- clay." 
Prof. Boyd Dawkins "now assents to Dr. Falconer's opinion 
(which he formerly doubted) that E. jirimigenuis was a member of 
the Cromer forest-bed fauna. It is also clear that it was living in 
the southern and central parts of England in postglacial times. It 
has not been found north of Yorkshire on the east, and Holyhead 
on the west, probably because Scotland and north-west England 
were long occupied by glaciers. Its remains have been found " in 
Europe "as far south as Naples, and as far north as Hamburgh; but 
not in Scandinavia. Its remains, as is well known, abound in 
Siberia, and it ranged over North America from Eschscholtz Bay 
to the Isthmus of Darien, E. columbi, E. americanus, and E. 
Jacksoni being only varieties." 
Professor Owen assigned the rhinoceros remains of 1816 to the 
tichorhine species ; Mr. Busk identifies them as the leptorhine, which 
has never been found in cavern deposits elsewhere, except in the 
Victoria Cave, Settle. Dr. Ealconer held that the earlier rhino- 
ceros remains belonged to R. hemitcechus. " They are quite unlike 
R. tichorhinus, and I believe that they agree with R. liemitve.clius' '* 
Mr. Pengelly lodged relics of the tichorhine species in the British 
Museum in 1859, f and Mr. Miall informs me that the Leeds 
Museum has bones of the leptorhine. 
Like the ascription of the mammoth and rhinoceros to the 1822 
find, the occurrence of the hippopotamus, which likewise rests on 
Mr. Bellamy's sole authority, is more than doubtful. Professor 
Owen cites it from Kent's Hole. J Mr. Pengelly has " never met 
with satisfactory evidence of its occurrence in Devonshire." § We 
have, however, in our Museum two fragments of jaw so assigned by 
Mr. Northmore, part of the results of that gentleman's Kent Hole 
investigations. 
Some of the bovine bones of 1820 appear to have belonged to 
Bos lonyifrons. Though the remains of deer have been of frequent 
* u Palseontological Memoirs and Notes of the late Hugh Falconer," vol. 
ii p. 309. Cited " Devon. Assoc. Trans.," vol. v. part i. p. 309. 
t "Trans. Devon. Assoc.," vol. ix. p. 424. 
+ "Brit Foss. Mam.," p. 410. 
§ Address, Sec. C. Brit. Assoc , 1877 ; Trans. Sec, p. 57. 
VOL. VII. H 
