Aug. 27, 1910.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
355 
Treatment of Fungus on Fishes in 
Captivity.* 
A large specimen of brook trout (Salzmitnts 
fontinaiis), which was caught with a hook in 
Sunapee Lake, New Hampshire, was received at 
the New York Aquarium in the spring of 1S96. 
The trout had a wound on the head. A few 
days after being placed in an exhibition tank 
fiyigus appeared on the wound. The writer 
treated the disease by applying salt water from 
the bay, which is pumped into the aquarium. A 
hose was used, the end being kept near the head 
of the trout, so that the stream of salt water 
reached the wound. This operation was repeated 
until the fungus disappeared. The wound heal¬ 
ed and the fungus did not again appear. 
The use of salt water has been continued in 
the treatment of the fishes. If the water in the 
bay is not of sufficient saltness to cure fungus, 
I use enough rock salt to increase the specific 
gravity to near 1.028, which is about the specific 
gravity of ocean water. Most of our fresh water 
fishes will endure this treatment for a/ time, but 
it is necessary to keep -watch on some species, 
or they may die if the salt water is used too 
long. 
The usual method employed is to draw the 
fresh water out of the tank to about ten or 
twelve inches in depth, or perhaps less if the 
fishes are not frightened, stopping the inflow 
of fresh water at the time. The tank is then 
filled with salt water. By this method the fishes 
rarely, if ever, appear to suffer any inconveni¬ 
ence, as the change from fresh to salt water is 
gradual. When necessary to use rock salt this 
is put into the tank before running in the salt 
water, as the current aids in dissolving it. The 
water need not be kept in circulation in the large 
exhibition tanks during the treatment unless one 
has plenty of salt water to waste. The stream 
may be cut off for a time, but it is necessary 
to keep watch on the fishes. As soon as any 
uneasiness, is shown the fresh water should be 
turned on. It is often necessary to repeat this 
treatment each day in order to effect a cure. 
In the year 1907 and the winter and early 
spring of 1908 the Croton water was in such 
condition that fungus was more prevalent, gave 
more trouble, was more difficult to cure, and was 
fatal in more cases than at any time in the his¬ 
tory of the aquarium. Salt water treatment did 
not cure as before, and the use of hydrogen di¬ 
oxide was commenced. If a fish has only two 
or three diseased spots, it may be taken out of 
the tank with a net and the dioxide applied with 
a sponge. When the fungus is distributed over 
a considerable portion of the body, the fish is 
immersed in a solution of one part hydrogen di¬ 
oxide to three or four parts of water. The 
length of time fishes will endure the treatment 
varies much with different species. It is neces¬ 
sary to watch them closely or some will be in¬ 
jured or killed. 
Fungus has been killed on hundreds of fishes 
of many species in the New York Aquarium by 
the application of hydrogen dioxide, and the 
fishes have been kept on exhibition for weeks, 
when they would have died in a few days with¬ 
out the treatment. Treatment for fungus should 
commence as soon as it appears; if not, it soon 
*By the late L. B. Spencer. Department of Zoology 
and Nature Study, New York Aquarium; read before the 
American Fisher.es Society. 
The “Old Reliable” PARKER GUN 
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At Chicago, Ill., June 23, 1910. 
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Y OU know Wilson’s Jr” Snipe- cork¬ 
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The reason Lefever guns kill clean and sure 
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When writing say you saw the ad. in “Forest 
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