Sept, io, 1910.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
405 
natural food, deep-cut and well-wooded valleys 
for the first, and for the second a host of pal¬ 
atable roots and berries, and as much of the 
farmers’ crops, in addition, as they can steal. 
And besides all this, they can always fill their 
maws with the grandest possible assortment of 
creeping, crawling and flying creatures. For 
not only does the warmth of Japanese sun help 
to give them birth and life, but as there is an 
extraordinary absence from the country of 
purely insect-destroying birds and beasts, they 
thrive and multiply marvellously. The greatest 
enemies of young pheasant life in Japan are 
cats, hawks, kites, crows, weasels and snakes, 
and of them all the half-run-wild domestic cat 
of the country is certainly the worst. 
The kiji is far and away the commonest of 
the two birds mentioned, and so it may be this 
is why the word kiji is used as a generic term 
for pheasants in Japan. Being a peculiarly 
hardy bird, it is found all over the country, in 
its most northerly and coldest parts, as well as 
in its most southerly and hottest. 
To give an idea of the powers of flight pos¬ 
sessed by the kiji, I have, shot dozens of them 
on the southern slopes of Niijima, a small island 
lying to the north of Etajima, and with a good 
mile and a half of sea running between. All the 
kiji shot Were cock birds, and though I have 
often searched the island diligently, I never 
came across a hen pheasant on it. That, and 
the fact that I always found the cocks in packs 
of five or six, or more, goes far to prove, I 
think, they had flown over from Etajima. 
By far the majority of woodcocks seen in Ja¬ 
pan are winter visitants from Manchuria and 
Siberia, but quite an appreciable number of the 
birds breed in the country, though I have never 
come across any of their nests. They arrive 
decidedly later than the snipe, but stop longer. 
According to my shooting diary of 1893-94. I 
shot my first woodcock of the season on No¬ 
vember 7, and my last on March 15, but, as 
might be expected, my best bags were made in 
the months of December, January and Febru¬ 
ary. On Christmas Eve of 1893 I bagged eleven 
and a half couple, a record bag. I believe, for 
Japan, but my next largest bag was only three 
and a half couple. A surprising series of bag 
events contributed toward the- making of my 
record bag. I had been out on a three 
days’ shooting trip around Etajima, and was 
returning home by boat. The morning was ex¬ 
ceptionally and bitterly cold, and so I landed 
for a warming-up walk when we got to a pro¬ 
jecting piece of land round which the boat had 
to travel, giving directions to the boatman to 
pick me up on the other side. Leaving my gun 
behind. I started off with my dog, but before 
we had got 50 yards on our journey, a cat 
showing itself. Xoi started off in chase. Mak¬ 
ing for a patch of sugarcane, about an acre in 
extent, the cat dashed in, with its pursuer close 
at its stump of a tail—Japanese cats being built, 
so far as their caudal appendages go, some¬ 
thing on the same lines as Manx cats. Scarce 
had the two got in the patch than pheasants 
and woodcock commenced to rise out of it by 
twos and threes. Calling Xoi to heel I ran 
back, and, hailing the boat, soon had my gun 
out. and starting back with one of my native 
henchmen, set to work at once. Just how many 
pheasants and woodcock I got out of that par¬ 
ticular patch of sugarcane I forget now, but my 
diary tells me that between it and some half 
a dozen others I got two brace of the first and 
eleven and a half couple of the latter. The ex¬ 
cessive cold, the time of the year and the fact 
that the Japanese are great observers of their 
New \ ear festivals, had set every human being 
in the countryside, men, women and children 
gathering sufficient fuel to last their households 
well over the holidays. This, of course, meant 
the harrying of all the coverts in the neighbor¬ 
hood. and the patches of sugarcane affording 
the only available shelter, the pheasants and 
woodcock naturally flocked to them.—F. T. Nor¬ 
man, in The Field. 
The Forest and Stream may be obtained from any 
newsdealer on order. Ask your dealer to supply you 
regularly. 1 J 
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