Nov. 26, 1910.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
843 
Big game 
hunters can 
outfit at the 
right prices at 
Philadelphia’s 
Sporting Goods 
Headquarters 
Write for Catalogue B. 
Shannon 
816 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia 
HOW FELT HATS ARE MADE. 
Hats were first manufactured in England 
about 1510 and superseded caps or soft head- 
gear in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Wool 
was the material first employed in forming felt 
hats, but in time, as European trade with Amer¬ 
ica developed, the fur of the beaver, being finer 
and softer, come into use, hence the term beaver 
was long synonymous with hat. 
For about three centuries fine beaver hats 
dyed black and prepared with much skill formed 
the head covering of the higher classes in Great 
Britain. This headgear distinguished them 
from the middle and humbler classes, which 
continued for some time to wear the less ex¬ 
pensive caps and bonnets. 
Political and religious differences have often 
been marked by the form of hats. The Puritan 
of the reign of Charles I. adopted the steeple 
hat, high and narrow, with a broad brim and 
devoid of ornament. The cavalier during the 
same era wore a lower and broader crown, with 
a feather stuck on one side. The Quaker hat, 
low in the crown, with a broad brim and plain, 
dates from the origin of the sect at the middle 
of the seventeenth century. 
The history of hat manufacture in this coun¬ 
try dates back to very early Colonial , days. In 
1662 the Assembly of Virginia enacted a law 
offering ten pounds of tobacco for every good 
wool or fur hat made in the colony. Delaware 
in 1753 offered a prize of 40 shillings for the 
neatest and best hat manufactured in the lower 
colonies. Carolina by 1767 had developed a 
flourishing hat industry, with a large export 
trade to the Spanish islands. Soon after the 
close of the Revolution the manufacture of hats 
had become of great importance in Pennsyl¬ 
vania, and from that time the industry has con¬ 
tinued to flourish. 
Felt hats are made in a wide , range of qual- 
ities. The finer and more expensive qual¬ 
ities are formed entirely of fur; the commoner 
qualities use a mixture of fur and Saxony 
.wool. For the lowest kinds wool alone is em¬ 
ployed. The processes and apparatus necessary 
for making hats of fur differ from those re¬ 
quired in the case of woolen bodies; and in 
large manufactories, especially in America, 
machinery is generally employed for operations 
which formerly were entirely manual. 
Hatter’s fur consists principally of the hair 
of rabbits (technically called coneys) and hares, 
with some proportion of nutria, musquash and 
beaver’s hair, though the latter has been for 
many years extremely scarce, and generally any 
parings or cuttings from furriers are also used. 
Fifty years ago the hatter beat his fur with a 
bow into a triangular piece of felt which, when 
laid together by two straight edges, assumed 
the shape of a cone. This felt was next shrunk 
between cloths which were kept hot and wet by 
frequent dipping into a kettle of boiling size, 
care being taken to preserve the triangular 
shape of the felt. 
Having been shrunk to about one-third its 
original size or to proper dimensions for a hat, 
the conical bag was drawn over a block and 
tied tightly at the point where the crown 
spreads out into a brim. The brim portion 
was next pulled and stretched into shape with 
a special instrument. While still on the block 
The Game Book 
STANDARD BIG GAME MEASUREMENTS 
Every man wants to compare his trophy with those of other big-game hunters. 
But comparisons are useless unless there is a fixed standard. 
The game book of the Boone and Crockett Club, the foremost organization of 
hunters of American big-game supplies this. Compiled by J. H. Kidder, it provides 
directions for standard measurements of the large-game animals of America, with 
spaces carefully arranged for complete data regarding the kill, locality, time, con¬ 
ditions, etc. 
It is handsomely and durably bound pocket size. It is an invaluable record 
for every man who goes into the wild for sport with the rifle, a handy book, a 
camp companion, and a library reminder of days afield. Leather. 
Postpaid, $1.50 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING COMPANY, 127 Franklin Street, NEW YORK 
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His Best Book 
MY FRIEND THE PARTRIDGE 
By S. T. HAMMOND 
This delightful presentment of the glories of Autumn djtys with gun and dog in 
the crislp New England woods in search of the noblest of native game birds, which 
has already delighted thousands of readers of Forest and Stream, is now ready 
for delivery in book form. 
Mr. Hammond knows his upland coverts as no other writer of the day. He 
makes no empty boast when he calls the partridge his friend, and, moreover, makes 
his every reader a friend of this splendid bird. He succeeds in a rare degree, not 
only in describing the ruffed grouse, its habits and habitat, and the pleasures of its 
pursuit, but in surrounding his reader with the very atmosphere of the leaf-scented 
Autumn woods. Mr. Hammond’s book is a welcome addition to the library of sport. 
Cloth. 150 Pages. Illustrated. 
150 Pages. Illustrated. Postpaid, $1.00 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO., 127 Franklin Street, NEW YORK CITY 
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ANGLING MEMORIES J 
- - # * 
Seasonable Books for the Sportsman’s Library 
MEN I HAVE FISHED WITH MY ANGLING FRIENDS 5 
Both by FRED MA THER 
These two volumes are a source of endless delight to the fisherman. 
They 
deal with every phase of the gentle sport from bent pins and willow poles to 
salmon flies and special rods—with every kind of fish as well. 
They are full of a quaint philosophy, written with a rare appreciation of human 
nature, and comprising sketches of angling “characters” as well as well-known men 
who were Mr. Mather’s brethren of the angle. Much of other sport and adventure 
beside fishing will be found between the covers of these books. These two large, 
splendidly bound, splendidly printed, and richly illustrated volumes of 400 pages 
each regularly sell for $2 each. While they last we offer 
Both together, postpaid, for $3.00 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING COMPANY, NEW YORK 
HITTING vs. MISSING. 
By S. T. Hammond (“Shadow”). Cloth. Price, $1.00. 
Mr. Hammond enjoys among his field companions the 
repute of being an unusually good shot, and one who is 
particularly successful in that most difficult branch of 
upland shooting, the pursuit of the ruffed grouse, or 
partridge. This prompted the suggestion that he should 
write down for others an exposition of the methods by 
which his skill was acquired. The result is this original 
manual of “Hitting vs. Missing.” We term it original, 
because, as the chapters will show, the author was self- 
taught; the expedients and devices adopted and the 
forms of practice followed were his own. This then may 
be termed the Hammond system of shooting; and as it 
was successful in his own experience, being here set forth 
simply and intelligently, it will prove not less effective 
with others. 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO. 
TO SPORTSMEN 
HOW. WHEN AND WHERE 
TO COMPLETE YOUR BAG 
The number of distinguished visitors, including Royalty, bears 
ample testimony to the advantages of the 
Highlands of As a 
British Delightful 
East Winter 
Africa Home 
The most fascinating and instructive.playground in the wi rid 
A "/veritable mecca for Sponamen in Search of Big Gama 
For reliable information address Publicity Department 
Uganda Railwa'y, Dewar House, Haymarket, S- W-—D- G. 
LONGWORTH, London Representative. 
